You need an m2e connector which automatically configures your Eclipse project for the annotation processing.
The m2e connector to use depends on how you have configured the annotation processing on the Maven side. If you just rely on the maven-compiler-plugin to find your annotation processor, or if you have configured the maven-annotation-plugin for that, then you can use the connector m2e-apt by JBoss.
m2e-apt can easily be installed from the m2e discovery dialog in Eclipse (“Window” → “Preferences” → “Maven” → “Discovery” → “Open Catalog”). Then turn the connector on at “Window” → “Preferences” → “Maven” → “Annotation Processing”. When you now update your Maven project (right click on the project and select “Maven” → “Update Project…”), then annotation processing for the Eclipse project should be automatically configured in the dialog you have described in your question.