The sequence 0, 2, 4, 6, ..., 252, 254, 1, 3, 5, ..., 253, 255
(which appears to be what you're after based on the sequence you show) can be generated with:
for (int i = 0; i != 257; i = (i == 254) ? 1 : i + 2)
doSomethingWith (i);
There's probably many other ways to generate that sequence as well, including what's probably a more readable dual-loop version, provided you can keep the body of the loops small:
for (int i = 0; i < 256; i += 2) doSomethingWith (i); // 0, 2, 4, 6, ..., 254
for (int i = 1; i < 256; i += 2) doSomethingWith (i); // 1, 3, 5, 7, ..., 255