当咬面具（旗）枚举变得太大时该怎么办
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1060760
-
21-08-2019 - |
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我的应用程序中有一套非常大的权限，我代表列出了标志。它正在迅速接近长数据类型的实际上限。而且我被迫提出一项策略，以尽快过渡到另一个结构。现在，我可以将此列表分为较小的零件，但是，根据我们的应用程序布局，这已经只是我们应用程序的总体权限的一个子集。在管理权限时，我们将这种区别广泛用于显示目的，如果我可以避免，我宁愿此时重新访问该代码。
还有其他人遇到这个问题吗？你是怎么过去的？一般示例很好，但是我对AC＃特定示例最感兴趣，如果我可以使用任何具体的技巧来完成工作。
可能不是必不可少的，但这是我正在处理的应用程序部分定义的权限列表。
//Subgroup WebAgent
[Flags]
public enum WebAgentPermission : long
{
[DescriptionAttribute("View Rule Group")]
ViewRuleGroup = 1,
[DescriptionAttribute("Add Rule Group")]
AddRuleGroup = 2,
[DescriptionAttribute("Edit Rule Group")]
EditRuleGroup = 4,
[DescriptionAttribute("Delete Rule Group")]
DeleteRuleGroup = 8,
[DescriptionAttribute("View Rule")]
ViewRule = 16,
[DescriptionAttribute("Add Rule")]
AddRule = 32,
[DescriptionAttribute("Edit Rule")]
EditRule = 64,
[DescriptionAttribute("Delete Rule")]
DeleteRule = 128,
[DescriptionAttribute("View Location")]
ViewLocation = 256,
[DescriptionAttribute("Add Location")]
AddLocation = 512,
[DescriptionAttribute("Edit Location")]
EditLocation = 1024,
[DescriptionAttribute("Delete Location")]
DeleteLocation = 2048,
[DescriptionAttribute("View Volume Statistics")]
ViewVolumeStatistics = 4096,
[DescriptionAttribute("Edit Volume Statistics")]
EditVolumeStatistics = 8192,
[DescriptionAttribute("Upload Volume Statistics")]
UploadVolumeStatistics = 16384,
[DescriptionAttribute("View Role")]
ViewRole = 32768,
[DescriptionAttribute("Add Role")]
AddRole = 65536,
[DescriptionAttribute("Edit Role")]
EditRole = 131072,
[DescriptionAttribute("Delete Role")]
DeleteRole = 262144,
[DescriptionAttribute("View User")]
ViewUser = 524288,
[DescriptionAttribute("Add User")]
AddUser = 1048576,
[DescriptionAttribute("Edit User")]
EditUser = 2097152,
[DescriptionAttribute("Delete User")]
DeleteUser = 4194304,
[DescriptionAttribute("Assign Permissions To User")]
AssignPermissionsToUser = 8388608,
[DescriptionAttribute("Change User Password")]
ChangeUserPassword = 16777216,
[DescriptionAttribute("View Audit Logs")]
ViewAuditLogs = 33554432,
[DescriptionAttribute("View Team")]
ViewTeam = 67108864,
[DescriptionAttribute("Add Team")]
AddTeam = 134217728,
[DescriptionAttribute("Edit Team")]
EditTeam = 268435456,
[DescriptionAttribute("Delete Team")]
DeleteTeam = 536870912,
[DescriptionAttribute("View Web Agent Reports")]
ViewWebAgentReports = 1073741824,
[DescriptionAttribute("View All Locations")]
ViewAllLocations = 2147483648,
[DescriptionAttribute("Access to My Search")]
AccessToMySearch = 4294967296,
[DescriptionAttribute("Access to Pespective Search")]
AccessToPespectiveSearch = 8589934592,
[DescriptionAttribute("Add Pespective Search")]
AddPespectiveSearch = 17179869184,
[DescriptionAttribute("Edit Pespective Search")]
EditPespectiveSearch = 34359738368,
[DescriptionAttribute("Delete Pespective Search")]
DeletePespectiveSearch = 68719476736,
[DescriptionAttribute("Access to Search")]
AccessToSearch = 137438953472,
[DescriptionAttribute("View Form Roles")]
ViewFormRole = 274877906944,
[DescriptionAttribute("Add / Edit Form Roles")]
AddFormRole = 549755813888,
[DescriptionAttribute("Delete UserFormRolesDifferenceMasks")]
DeleteFormRole = 1099511627776,
[DescriptionAttribute("Export Locations")]
ExportLocations = 2199023255552,
[DescriptionAttribute("Import Locations")]
ImportLocations = 4398046511104,
[DescriptionAttribute("Manage Location Levels")]
ManageLocationLevels = 8796093022208,
[DescriptionAttribute("View Job Title")]
ViewJobTitle = 17592186044416,
[DescriptionAttribute("Add Job Title")]
AddJobTitle = 35184372088832,
[DescriptionAttribute("Edit Job Title")]
EditJobTitle = 70368744177664,
[DescriptionAttribute("Delete Job Title")]
DeleteJobTitle = 140737488355328,
[DescriptionAttribute("View Dictionary Manager")]
ViewDictionaryManager = 281474976710656,
[DescriptionAttribute("Add Dictionary Manager")]
AddDictionaryManager = 562949953421312,
[DescriptionAttribute("Edit Dictionary Manager")]
EditDictionaryManager = 1125899906842624,
[DescriptionAttribute("Delete Dictionary Manager")]
DeleteDictionaryManager = 2251799813685248,
[DescriptionAttribute("View Choice Manager")]
ViewChoiceManager = 4503599627370496,
[DescriptionAttribute("Add Choice Manager")]
AddChoiceManager = 9007199254740992,
[DescriptionAttribute("Edit Chioce Manager")]
EditChoiceManager = 18014398509481984,
[DescriptionAttribute("Delete Choice Manager")]
DeleteChoiceManager = 36028797018963968,
[DescriptionAttribute("Import Export Choices")] //57
ImportExportChoices = 72057594037927936
}
解决方案
我看到其中至少少数几个枚举的价值...
我的第一个想法是通过在逻辑群体中分配许可来解决问题（RuleGroupPermissions, RulePermissions, LocationPermissions, ，...）然后上课（WebAgentPermissions）暴露每种权限枚举类型的属性。
由于权限值似乎重复，因此您可能最终可以逃脱一个枚举：
[Flags]
public enum Permissions
{
View = 1,
Add = 2,
Edit = 4,
Delete = 8
}
然后有 WebAgentPermissions 班级公开设置权限的每个区域的属性；
class WebAgentPermissions
{
public Permissions RuleGroup { get; set; }
public Permissions Rule{ get; set; }
public Permissions Location{ get; set; }
// and so on...
}
其他提示
语言文档说：
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.flagsattribute.aspx
“基础类型为INT32，因此最大单位标志为1073741824，显然每个枚举总共有32个标志。”
但是...更新：
评论者是正确的。查看以下内容：
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms182147(vs.80).aspx
INT32只是默认数据类型！实际上，您可以指定INT64。
public enum MyEnumType : Int64
...最多允许64个值。但这似乎是最大的，之后您将重新设计。在您的其他解决方案的情况下，我不能确切说出可能适合什么解决方案。但是，特权标识符的数组（或哈希映射）可能是最自然的方法。
您可以检查 比特雷 班级。也许您将来会使用它。
事实证明，这是一个比我想象的更常见的问题，在我将CSS类代表为标志类型的地方，并且有超过64个可能性。我从该过程中学到了所有东西，并将其变成了可重复使用的模式，尽管它是一个结构，但它是一种复制和贴花类型的模式。
这是 BigFlags “枚举类型”。它使用 BigInteger 从 System.Numerics, ，或者如果您无法参考该组件，则有一个后备 BitArray 通过简单关闭 NUMERICS 预处理程序指令。
它的举止非常像 Flags 枚举，甚至定义 HasFlag(...), GetNames(), GetValues(), TryParse(...), ， 一个 TypeConverter, IConvertible, 等等。因为它确实定义了 TypeConverter 和 IConvertible, ，它也适合在数据存储中存储，尽管始终是字符串或文本数据类型。
您将“枚举”值公开为 public static readonly 成员。组合的枚举值被暴露为仅唯一的属性。
要使用它，复制并粘贴代码，然后进行搜索并替换 BigFlags 使用您的结构名称，然后删除枚举 TODO 部分并添加您的值。
希望有人发现它有用。
#define NUMERICS
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Linq;
#if NUMERICS
using System.Numerics;
#endif
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Aim
{
/// <summary>
/// The BigFlags struct behaves like a Flags enumerated type.
/// <para>
/// Note that if this struct will be stored in some type of data
/// store, it should be stored as a string type. There are two
/// reasons for this:
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// 1. Presumably, this pattern is being used because the number
/// of values will exceed 64 (max positions in a long flags enum).
/// Since this is so, there is in any case no numeric type which
/// can store all the possible combinations of flags.
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// 2. The "enum" values are assigned based on the order that the
/// static public fields are defined. It is much safer to store
/// these fields by name in case the fields are rearranged. This
/// is particularly important if this represents a permission set!
/// </para>
/// </summary>
[
TypeConverter( typeof( BigFlagsConverter ) )
]
public struct BigFlags : IEquatable<BigFlags>,
IComparable<BigFlags>, IComparable, IConvertible
{
#region State...
private static readonly List<FieldInfo> Fields;
private static readonly List<BigFlags> FieldValues;
#if NUMERICS
private static readonly bool ZeroInit = true;
private BigInteger Value;
/// <summary>
/// Creates a value taking ZeroInit into consideration.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="index"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static BigInteger CreateValue( int index )
{
if( ZeroInit && index == 0 )
{
return 0;
}
int idx = ZeroInit ? index - 1 : index;
return new BigInteger( 1 ) << idx;
}
#else
private BitArray Array;
/// <summary>
/// Lazy-initialized BitArray.
/// </summary>
private BitArray Bits
{
get
{
if( null == Array )
{
Array = new BitArray( Fields.Count );
}
return Array;
}
}
#endif
#endregion ...State
#region Construction...
/// <summary>
/// Static constructor. Sets the static public fields.
/// </summary>
static BigFlags()
{
Fields = typeof( BigFlags ).GetFields(
BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static ).ToList();
FieldValues = new List<BigFlags>();
for( int i = 0; i < Fields.Count; i++ )
{
var field = Fields[i];
var fieldVal = new BigFlags();
#if NUMERICS
fieldVal.Value = CreateValue( i );
#else
fieldVal.Bits.Set( i, true );
#endif
field.SetValue( null, fieldVal );
FieldValues.Add( fieldVal );
}
}
#endregion ...Construction
#region Operators...
/// <summary>
/// OR operator. Or together BigFlags instances.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lhs"></param>
/// <param name="rhs"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static BigFlags operator |( BigFlags lhs, BigFlags rhs )
{
var result = new BigFlags();
#if NUMERICS
result.Value = lhs.Value | rhs.Value;
#else
// BitArray is modified in place - always copy!
result.Array = new BitArray( lhs.Bits ).Or( rhs.Bits );
#endif
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// AND operator. And together BigFlags instances.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lhs"></param>
/// <param name="rhs"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static BigFlags operator &( BigFlags lhs, BigFlags rhs )
{
var result = new BigFlags();
#if NUMERICS
result.Value = lhs.Value & rhs.Value;
#else
// BitArray is modified in place - always copy!
result.Array = new BitArray( lhs.Bits ).And( rhs.Bits );
#endif
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// XOR operator. Xor together BigFlags instances.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lhs"></param>
/// <param name="rhs"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static BigFlags operator ^( BigFlags lhs, BigFlags rhs )
{
var result = new BigFlags();
#if NUMERICS
result.Value = lhs.Value ^ rhs.Value;
#else
// BitArray is modified in place - always copy!
result.Array = new BitArray( lhs.Bits ).Xor( rhs.Bits );
#endif
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// Equality operator.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lhs"></param>
/// <param name="rhs"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool operator ==( BigFlags lhs, BigFlags rhs )
{
return lhs.Equals( rhs );
}
/// <summary>
/// Inequality operator.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lhs"></param>
/// <param name="rhs"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool operator !=( BigFlags lhs, BigFlags rhs )
{
return !( lhs == rhs );
}
#endregion ...Operators
#region System.Object Overrides...
/// <summary>
/// Overridden. Returns a comma-separated string.
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public override string ToString()
{
#if NUMERICS
if( ZeroInit && Value == 0 )
{
return Fields[0].Name;
}
#endif
var names = new List<string>();
for( int i = 0; i < Fields.Count; i++ )
{
#if NUMERICS
if( ZeroInit && i == 0 )
continue;
var bi = CreateValue( i );
if( ( Value & bi ) == bi )
names.Add( Fields[i].Name );
#else
if( Bits[i] )
names.Add( Fields[i].Name );
#endif
}
return String.Join( ", ", names );
}
/// <summary>
/// Overridden. Compares equality with another object.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="obj"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public override bool Equals( object obj )
{
if( obj is BigFlags )
{
return Equals( (BigFlags)obj );
}
return false;
}
/// <summary>
/// Overridden. Gets the hash code of the internal BitArray.
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public override int GetHashCode()
{
#if NUMERICS
return Value.GetHashCode();
#else
int hash = 17;
for( int i = 0; i < Bits.Length; i++ )
{
if( Bits[i] )
hash ^= i;
}
return hash;
#endif
}
#endregion ...System.Object Overrides
#region IEquatable<BigFlags> Members...
/// <summary>
/// Strongly-typed equality method.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="other"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool Equals( BigFlags other )
{
#if NUMERICS
return Value == other.Value;
#else
for( int i = 0; i < Bits.Length; i++ )
{
if( Bits[i] != other.Bits[i] )
return false;
}
return true;
#endif
}
#endregion ...IEquatable<BigFlags> Members
#region IComparable<BigFlags> Members...
/// <summary>
/// Compares based on highest bit set. Instance with higher
/// bit set is bigger.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="other"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public int CompareTo( BigFlags other )
{
#if NUMERICS
return Value.CompareTo( other.Value );
#else
for( int i = Bits.Length - 1; i >= 0; i-- )
{
bool thisVal = Bits[i];
bool otherVal = other.Bits[i];
if( thisVal && !otherVal )
return 1;
else if( !thisVal && otherVal )
return -1;
}
return 0;
#endif
}
#endregion ...IComparable<BigFlags> Members
#region IComparable Members...
int IComparable.CompareTo( object obj )
{
if( obj is BigFlags )
{
return CompareTo( (BigFlags)obj );
}
return -1;
}
#endregion ...IComparable Members
#region IConvertible Members...
/// <summary>
/// Returns TypeCode.Object.
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public TypeCode GetTypeCode()
{
return TypeCode.Object;
}
bool IConvertible.ToBoolean( IFormatProvider provider )
{
throw new NotSupportedException();
}
byte IConvertible.ToByte( IFormatProvider provider )
{
#if NUMERICS
return Convert.ToByte( Value );
#else
throw new NotSupportedException();
#endif
}
char IConvertible.ToChar( IFormatProvider provider )
{
throw new NotSupportedException();
}
DateTime IConvertible.ToDateTime( IFormatProvider provider )
{
throw new NotSupportedException();
}
decimal IConvertible.ToDecimal( IFormatProvider provider )
{
#if NUMERICS
return Convert.ToDecimal( Value );
#else
throw new NotSupportedException();
#endif
}
double IConvertible.ToDouble( IFormatProvider provider )
{
#if NUMERICS
return Convert.ToDouble( Value );
#else
throw new NotSupportedException();
#endif
}
short IConvertible.ToInt16( IFormatProvider provider )
{
#if NUMERICS
return Convert.ToInt16( Value );
#else
throw new NotSupportedException();
#endif
}
int IConvertible.ToInt32( IFormatProvider provider )
{
#if NUMERICS
return Convert.ToInt32( Value );
#else
throw new NotSupportedException();
#endif
}
long IConvertible.ToInt64( IFormatProvider provider )
{
#if NUMERICS
return Convert.ToInt64( Value );
#else
throw new NotSupportedException();
#endif
}
sbyte IConvertible.ToSByte( IFormatProvider provider )
{
#if NUMERICS
return Convert.ToSByte( Value );
#else
throw new NotSupportedException();
#endif
}
float IConvertible.ToSingle( IFormatProvider provider )
{
#if NUMERICS
return Convert.ToSingle( Value );
#else
throw new NotSupportedException();
#endif
}
string IConvertible.ToString( IFormatProvider provider )
{
return ToString();
}
object IConvertible.ToType( Type conversionType, IFormatProvider provider )
{
var tc = TypeDescriptor.GetConverter( this );
return tc.ConvertTo( this, conversionType );
}
ushort IConvertible.ToUInt16( IFormatProvider provider )
{
#if NUMERICS
return Convert.ToUInt16( Value );
#else
throw new NotSupportedException();
#endif
}
uint IConvertible.ToUInt32( IFormatProvider provider )
{
#if NUMERICS
return Convert.ToUInt32( Value );
#else
throw new NotSupportedException();
#endif
}
ulong IConvertible.ToUInt64( IFormatProvider provider )
{
#if NUMERICS
return Convert.ToUInt64( Value );
#else
throw new NotSupportedException();
#endif
}
#endregion ...IConvertible Members
#region Public Interface...
/// <summary>
/// Checks <paramref name="flags"/> to see if all the bits set in
/// that flags are also set in this flags.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="flags"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool HasFlag( BigFlags flags )
{
return ( this & flags ) == flags;
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the names of this BigFlags enumerated type.
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string[] GetNames()
{
return Fields.Select( x => x.Name ).ToArray();
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets all the values of this BigFlags enumerated type.
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static BigFlags[] GetValues()
{
return FieldValues.ToArray();
}
/// <summary>
/// Standard TryParse pattern. Parses a BigFlags result from a string.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="s"></param>
/// <param name="result"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool TryParse( string s, out BigFlags result )
{
result = new BigFlags();
if( String.IsNullOrEmpty( s ) )
return true;
var fieldNames = s.Split( ',' );
foreach( var f in fieldNames )
{
var field = Fields.FirstOrDefault( x =>
String.Equals( x.Name, f.Trim(),
StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase ) );
if( null == field )
{
result = new BigFlags();
return false;
}
#if NUMERICS
int i = Fields.IndexOf( field );
result.Value |= CreateValue( i );
#else
result.Bits.Set( Fields.IndexOf( field ), true );
#endif
}
return true;
}
//
// Expose "enums" as public static readonly fields.
// TODO: Replace this section with your "enum" values.
//
public static readonly BigFlags None;
public static readonly BigFlags FirstValue;
public static readonly BigFlags ValueTwo;
public static readonly BigFlags ValueThree;
public static readonly BigFlags ValueFour;
public static readonly BigFlags ValueFive;
public static readonly BigFlags ValueSix;
public static readonly BigFlags LastValue;
/// <summary>
/// Expose flagged combinations as get-only properties.
/// </summary>
public static BigFlags FirstLast
{
get
{
return BigFlags.FirstValue | BigFlags.LastValue;
}
}
#endregion ...Public Interface
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts objects to and from BigFlags instances.
/// </summary>
public class BigFlagsConverter : TypeConverter
{
/// <summary>
/// Can convert to string only.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="context"></param>
/// <param name="destinationType"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public override bool CanConvertTo( ITypeDescriptorContext context,
Type destinationType )
{
return destinationType == typeof( String );
}
/// <summary>
/// Can convert from any object.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="context"></param>
/// <param name="sourceType"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public override bool CanConvertFrom( ITypeDescriptorContext context,
Type sourceType )
{
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts BigFlags to a string.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="context"></param>
/// <param name="culture"></param>
/// <param name="value"></param>
/// <param name="destinationType"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public override object ConvertTo( ITypeDescriptorContext context,
CultureInfo culture, object value, Type destinationType )
{
if( value is BigFlags && CanConvertTo( destinationType ) )
return value.ToString();
return null;
}
/// <summary>
/// Attempts to parse <paramref name="value"/> and create and
/// return a new BigFlags instance.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="context"></param>
/// <param name="culture"></param>
/// <param name="value"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public override object ConvertFrom( ITypeDescriptorContext context,
CultureInfo culture, object value )
{
var s = Convert.ToString( value );
BigFlags result;
BigFlags.TryParse( s, out result );
return result;
}
}
}
在C＃中，一种灵活的方式来表示一个枚举的值，但更灵活的是将其表示为具有可用预拼值的静态类，例如：
public sealed class WebAgentPermission
{
private long ID;
public static readonly WebAgentPermission
ViewRuleGroup = new WebAgentPermission { ID = 1 };
public static readonly WebAgentPermission
AddRuleGroup = new WebAgentPermission { ID = 2 };
private WebAgentPermission() { }
// considerations: override equals/gethashcode, probably override tostring,
// maybe implicit cast to/from long, maybe other stuff
}
另外，只需将事物拆分；如果您真的尝试过，看起来您可以。
如果我控制了此应用程序，我可能会提出一组通用的权限（查看，添加，编辑，删除，上传/导入）和一组资源（用户，角色，规则等）。在网页上找到与该页面关联的资源类型，然后检查权限。也许类似：
Permissions perms = agent.GetPermissions(ResourceType.User);
if((perms & Permissions.View) == Permissions.View) { /* do work */ }
或者
Permissions perms = agent.Permissions[ResourceType.User];
if((perms & Permissions.View) == Permissions.View) { /* do work */ }
甚至
if(agent.IsAuthorized(ResourceType.User, Permissions.View)) { /* do work */ }
您有几个权限对其他所有内容都没有意义（将允许剂分配给用户，命名一个）。我不确定如何根据我知道的问题来处理这一点。
我没有在这种情况下。
这是我认为的，为每个类别创建单独的枚举，并接受这些枚举。
RuleGroupPermission
None = 0
ViewRuleGroup = 1,
AddRuleGroup = 2,
EditRuleGroup = 4,
DeleteRuleGroup = 8,
LocationOperations
None = 0
Add = 1
View = 2
Delete = 4
void setPermission(RuleGroupPermission ruleGroupOpsAllowed, LocationOperations locationOptions)
{
...
}
编辑：查看MessageBox.Show的执行方式。好的，OKCancel与问题，信息，感叹号分开。
不是您问题的答案，而是相关的建议：我们使用bithifting来指定数值，例如：
[Flags]
public enum MyEnumFlags : Int64
{
None = 0,
A = 1 << 0,
B = 1 << 1,
C = 1 << 2,
D = 1 << 3,
E = 1 << 4,
F = 1 << 5,
...etc...
对于前十个来说并不那么重要，但是之后它真的很方便。
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