我正在寻找有关如何编写MP/MC队列以无锁甚至无等待的文档。我正在使用.Net4.0。发现了很多C++代码,但我对内存模型不是很熟悉,所以很有可能我会在移植到C#时引入一些错误。

有帮助吗?

解决方案

为什么你认为你需要免费锁定队列?您是否尝试过使用 ConcurrentQueue<T> ,可能包含在 BlockingCollection<T>

编写多线程代码很难。写入锁定代码甚至更难,除非您真的不得不这样做,除非您真的不应该这样做。

其他提示

作为一个选择要考虑,有一个 DMitry Vyukov 的界多个生产商多个消费者队列。我已经将算法移植到.NET,可以找到 github 的来源。这很快。

eNqueue算法:

public bool TryEnqueue(object item)
{
    do
    {
        var buffer = _buffer; // prefetch the buffer pointer
        var pos = _enqueuePos; // fetch the current position where to enqueue the item
        var index = pos & _bufferMask; // precalculate the index in the buffer for that position
        var cell = buffer[index]; // fetch the cell by the index
        // If its sequence wasn't touched by other producers
        // and we can increment the enqueue position
        if (cell.Sequence == pos && Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _enqueuePos, pos + 1, pos) == pos)
        {
            // write the item we want to enqueue
            Volatile.Write(ref buffer[index].Element, item);
            // bump the sequence
            buffer[index].Sequence = pos + 1;
            return true;
        }

        // If the queue is full we cannot enqueue and just return false
        if (cell.Sequence < pos)
        {
            return false;
        }

        // repeat the process if other producer managed to enqueue before us
    } while (true);
}
.

Dequeue算法:

public bool TryDequeue(out object result)
{
    do
    {
        var buffer = _buffer; // prefetch the buffer pointer
        var bufferMask = _bufferMask; // prefetch the buffer mask
        var pos = _dequeuePos; // fetch the current position from where we can dequeue an item
        var index = pos & bufferMask; // precalculate the index in the buffer for that position
        var cell = buffer[index]; // fetch the cell by the index
        // If its sequence was changed by a producer and wasn't changed by other consumers
        // and we can increment the dequeue position
        if (cell.Sequence == pos + 1 && Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _dequeuePos, pos + 1, pos) == pos)
        {
            // read the item
            result = Volatile.Read(ref cell.Element);
            // update for the next round of the buffer
            buffer[index] = new Cell(pos + bufferMask + 1, null);
            return true;
        }

        // If the queue is empty return false
        if (cell.Sequence < pos + 1)
        {
            result = default(object);
            return false;
        }

        // repeat the process if other consumer managed to dequeue before us
    } while (true);
}
.

我的第一个目标是 ConcurrentQueue<T> 但是,您可以将数据存储抽象在接口后面,以便轻松更改实现。然后对典型场景进行基准测试,并查看您遇到问题的位置。請記住!:过早优化是万恶之源。设计你的系统,这样它就不会与实现绑定,而是与合同绑定,然后你就可以随心所欲地优化你的实现。

我看了一下 ConcurrentQueue<T> 随着ILSpy,乍一看似乎是一个无锁的实现-所以很好的机会,这正是你正在寻找的。

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