C# 复制目录的全部内容

StackOverflow https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58744

  •  09-06-2019
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题

我想在 C# 中将目录的全部内容从一个位置复制到另一个位置。

似乎没有办法使用 System.IO 没有大量递归的类。

VB中有一个方法，我们可以使用，如果我们添加一个引用 Microsoft.VisualBasic:

new Microsoft.VisualBasic.Devices.Computer().
    FileSystem.CopyDirectory( sourceFolder, outputFolder );

这看起来是一个相当丑陋的黑客行为。有没有更好的办法？

有帮助吗？

解决方案

容易多了

//Now Create all of the directories
foreach (string dirPath in Directory.GetDirectories(SourcePath, "*", 
    SearchOption.AllDirectories))
    Directory.CreateDirectory(dirPath.Replace(SourcePath, DestinationPath));

//Copy all the files & Replaces any files with the same name
foreach (string newPath in Directory.GetFiles(SourcePath, "*.*", 
    SearchOption.AllDirectories))
    File.Copy(newPath, newPath.Replace(SourcePath, DestinationPath), true);

其他提示

嗯，我想我误解了这个问题，但我会冒险。下面这个简单的方法有什么问题吗？

public static void CopyFilesRecursively(DirectoryInfo source, DirectoryInfo target) {
    foreach (DirectoryInfo dir in source.GetDirectories())
        CopyFilesRecursively(dir, target.CreateSubdirectory(dir.Name));
    foreach (FileInfo file in source.GetFiles())
        file.CopyTo(Path.Combine(target.FullName, file.Name));
}

编辑 由于这篇文章对于一个同样简单的问题的如此简单的回答已经获得了令人印象深刻的反对票数，所以让我添加一个解释。 请 在投反对票之前阅读此内容.

首先， 该代码无意作为直接替代品 到问题中的代码。仅用于说明目的。

Microsoft.VisualBasic.Devices.Computer.FileSystem.CopyDirectory 进行一些额外的正确性测试（例如源和目标是否是有效的目录，源是否是目标的父目录等），此答案中缺少这些内容。该代码可能也更加优化。

也就是说，代码 效果很好. 。它 有 （几乎相同）已在成熟软件中使用多年。除了所有 IO 处理固有的变化无常（例如如果用户在代码写入 USB 驱动器时手动拔掉 USB 驱动器，会发生什么情况？），没有已知问题。

特别要指出的是，这里使用递归是绝对没有问题的。无论是在理论上（概念上，这是最优雅的解决方案）还是在实践中： 这段代码不会溢出堆栈. 。该堆栈足够大，甚至可以处理深度嵌套的文件层次结构。早在堆栈空间成为问题之前，文件夹路径长度限制就开始出现。

请注意，一个 恶意用户 或许可以通过使用每个字母一个字母的深层嵌套目录来打破这一假设。我没试过这个。但只是为了说明这一点：为了使此代码在典型计算机上溢出，目录必须嵌套一些 千 次。这根本不是一个现实的场景。

复制自 微软软件定义网络:

using System;
using System.IO;

class CopyDir
{
    public static void Copy(string sourceDirectory, string targetDirectory)
    {
        DirectoryInfo diSource = new DirectoryInfo(sourceDirectory);
        DirectoryInfo diTarget = new DirectoryInfo(targetDirectory);

        CopyAll(diSource, diTarget);
    }

    public static void CopyAll(DirectoryInfo source, DirectoryInfo target)
    {
        Directory.CreateDirectory(target.FullName);

        // Copy each file into the new directory.
        foreach (FileInfo fi in source.GetFiles())
        {
            Console.WriteLine(@"Copying {0}\{1}", target.FullName, fi.Name);
            fi.CopyTo(Path.Combine(target.FullName, fi.Name), true);
        }

        // Copy each subdirectory using recursion.
        foreach (DirectoryInfo diSourceSubDir in source.GetDirectories())
        {
            DirectoryInfo nextTargetSubDir =
                target.CreateSubdirectory(diSourceSubDir.Name);
            CopyAll(diSourceSubDir, nextTargetSubDir);
        }
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        string sourceDirectory = @"c:\sourceDirectory";
        string targetDirectory = @"c:\targetDirectory";

        Copy(sourceDirectory, targetDirectory);
    }

    // Output will vary based on the contents of the source directory.
}

尝试这个：

Process proc = new Process();
proc.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = true;
proc.StartInfo.FileName = Path.Combine(Environment.SystemDirectory, "xcopy.exe");
proc.StartInfo.Arguments = @"C:\source C:\destination /E /I";
proc.Start();

您的 xcopy 参数可能会有所不同，但您已经明白了。

或者，如果您想采取困难的方式，请添加对 Microsoft.VisualBasic 项目的引用，然后使用以下命令：

Microsoft.VisualBasic.FileIO.FileSystem.CopyDirectory(fromDirectory, toDirectory);

但是，使用其中一个递归函数是更好的方法，因为它不必加载 VB dll。

这个网站一直为我提供了很多帮助，现在轮到我用我所知道的来帮助其他人了。

我希望下面的代码对某人有用。

string source_dir = @"E:\";
string destination_dir = @"C:\";

// substring is to remove destination_dir absolute path (E:\).

// Create subdirectory structure in destination    
    foreach (string dir in System.IO.Directory.GetDirectories(source_dir, "*", System.IO.SearchOption.AllDirectories))
    {
        System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(System.IO.Path.Combine(destination_dir, dir.Substring(source_dir.Length + 1)));
        // Example:
        //     > C:\sources (and not C:\E:\sources)
    }

    foreach (string file_name in System.IO.Directory.GetFiles(source_dir, "*", System.IO.SearchOption.AllDirectories))
    {
        System.IO.File.Copy(file_name, System.IO.Path.Combine(destination_dir, file_name.Substring(source_dir.Length + 1)));
    }

递归复制文件夹，无需递归，以避免堆栈溢出。

public static void CopyDirectory(string source, string target)
{
    var stack = new Stack<Folders>();
    stack.Push(new Folders(source, target));

    while (stack.Count > 0)
    {
        var folders = stack.Pop();
        Directory.CreateDirectory(folders.Target);
        foreach (var file in Directory.GetFiles(folders.Source, "*.*"))
        {
            File.Copy(file, Path.Combine(folders.Target, Path.GetFileName(file)));
        }

        foreach (var folder in Directory.GetDirectories(folders.Source))
        {
            stack.Push(new Folders(folder, Path.Combine(folders.Target, Path.GetFileName(folder))));
        }
    }
}

public class Folders
{
    public string Source { get; private set; }
    public string Target { get; private set; }

    public Folders(string source, string target)
    {
        Source = source;
        Target = target;
    }
}

这是我用于此类 IO 任务的实用程序类。

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace MyNameSpace
{
    public class ShellFileOperation
    {
        private static String StringArrayToMultiString(String[] stringArray)
        {
            String multiString = "";

            if (stringArray == null)
                return "";

            for (int i=0 ; i<stringArray.Length ; i++)
                multiString += stringArray[i] + '\0';

            multiString += '\0';

            return multiString;
        }

        public static bool Copy(string source, string dest)
        {
            return Copy(new String[] { source }, new String[] { dest });
        }

        public static bool Copy(String[] source, String[] dest)
        {
            Win32.SHFILEOPSTRUCT FileOpStruct = new Win32.SHFILEOPSTRUCT();

            FileOpStruct.hwnd = IntPtr.Zero;
            FileOpStruct.wFunc = (uint)Win32.FO_COPY;

            String multiSource = StringArrayToMultiString(source);
            String multiDest = StringArrayToMultiString(dest);
            FileOpStruct.pFrom = Marshal.StringToHGlobalUni(multiSource);
            FileOpStruct.pTo = Marshal.StringToHGlobalUni(multiDest);

            FileOpStruct.fFlags = (ushort)Win32.ShellFileOperationFlags.FOF_NOCONFIRMATION;
            FileOpStruct.lpszProgressTitle = "";
            FileOpStruct.fAnyOperationsAborted = 0;
            FileOpStruct.hNameMappings = IntPtr.Zero;

            int retval = Win32.SHFileOperation(ref FileOpStruct);

            if(retval != 0) return false;
            return true;
        }

        public static bool Move(string source, string dest)
        {
            return Move(new String[] { source }, new String[] { dest });
        }

        public static bool Delete(string file)
        {
            Win32.SHFILEOPSTRUCT FileOpStruct = new Win32.SHFILEOPSTRUCT();

            FileOpStruct.hwnd = IntPtr.Zero;
            FileOpStruct.wFunc = (uint)Win32.FO_DELETE;

            String multiSource = StringArrayToMultiString(new string[] { file });
            FileOpStruct.pFrom = Marshal.StringToHGlobalUni(multiSource);
            FileOpStruct.pTo =  IntPtr.Zero;

            FileOpStruct.fFlags = (ushort)Win32.ShellFileOperationFlags.FOF_SILENT | (ushort)Win32.ShellFileOperationFlags.FOF_NOCONFIRMATION | (ushort)Win32.ShellFileOperationFlags.FOF_NOERRORUI | (ushort)Win32.ShellFileOperationFlags.FOF_NOCONFIRMMKDIR;
            FileOpStruct.lpszProgressTitle = "";
            FileOpStruct.fAnyOperationsAborted = 0;
            FileOpStruct.hNameMappings = IntPtr.Zero;

            int retval = Win32.SHFileOperation(ref FileOpStruct);

            if(retval != 0) return false;
            return true;
        }

        public static bool Move(String[] source, String[] dest)
        {
            Win32.SHFILEOPSTRUCT FileOpStruct = new Win32.SHFILEOPSTRUCT();

            FileOpStruct.hwnd = IntPtr.Zero;
            FileOpStruct.wFunc = (uint)Win32.FO_MOVE;

            String multiSource = StringArrayToMultiString(source);
            String multiDest = StringArrayToMultiString(dest);
            FileOpStruct.pFrom = Marshal.StringToHGlobalUni(multiSource);
            FileOpStruct.pTo = Marshal.StringToHGlobalUni(multiDest);

            FileOpStruct.fFlags = (ushort)Win32.ShellFileOperationFlags.FOF_NOCONFIRMATION;
            FileOpStruct.lpszProgressTitle = "";
            FileOpStruct.fAnyOperationsAborted = 0;
            FileOpStruct.hNameMappings = IntPtr.Zero;

            int retval = Win32.SHFileOperation(ref FileOpStruct);

            if(retval != 0) return false;
            return true;
        }
    }
}

对 d4nt 答案的一个小改进，因为如果您在服务器和开发计算机上工作，您可能想要检查错误并且不必更改 xcopy 路径：

public void CopyFolder(string source, string destination)
{
    string xcopyPath = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("WINDIR") + @"\System32\xcopy.exe";
    ProcessStartInfo info = new ProcessStartInfo(xcopyPath);
    info.UseShellExecute = false;
    info.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
    info.Arguments = string.Format("\"{0}\" \"{1}\" /E /I", source, destination);

    Process process = Process.Start(info);
    process.WaitForExit();
    string result = process.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();

    if (process.ExitCode != 0)
    {
        // Or your own custom exception, or just return false if you prefer.
        throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format("Failed to copy {0} to {1}: {2}", source, destination, result));
    }
}

如果您喜欢康拉德的流行答案，但您想要 source 本身是一个文件夹 target, ，而不是把它的孩子放在 target 文件夹，这是其代码。它返回新创建的 DirectoryInfo, ，这很方便：

public static DirectoryInfo CopyFilesRecursively(DirectoryInfo source, DirectoryInfo target)
{
  var newDirectoryInfo = target.CreateSubdirectory(source.Name);
  foreach (var fileInfo in source.GetFiles())
    fileInfo.CopyTo(Path.Combine(newDirectoryInfo.FullName, fileInfo.Name));

  foreach (var childDirectoryInfo in source.GetDirectories())
    CopyFilesRecursively(childDirectoryInfo, newDirectoryInfo);

  return newDirectoryInfo;
}

您可以随时使用 这, ，取自微软网站。 

static void Main()
{
    // Copy from the current directory, include subdirectories.
    DirectoryCopy(".", @".\temp", true);
}

private static void DirectoryCopy(string sourceDirName, string destDirName, bool copySubDirs)
{
    // Get the subdirectories for the specified directory.
    DirectoryInfo dir = new DirectoryInfo(sourceDirName);

    if (!dir.Exists)
    {
        throw new DirectoryNotFoundException(
            "Source directory does not exist or could not be found: "
            + sourceDirName);
    }

    DirectoryInfo[] dirs = dir.GetDirectories();
    // If the destination directory doesn't exist, create it.
    if (!Directory.Exists(destDirName))
    {
        Directory.CreateDirectory(destDirName);
    }

    // Get the files in the directory and copy them to the new location.
    FileInfo[] files = dir.GetFiles();
    foreach (FileInfo file in files)
    {
        string temppath = Path.Combine(destDirName, file.Name);
        file.CopyTo(temppath, false);
    }

    // If copying subdirectories, copy them and their contents to new location.
    if (copySubDirs)
    {
        foreach (DirectoryInfo subdir in dirs)
        {
            string temppath = Path.Combine(destDirName, subdir.Name);
            DirectoryCopy(subdir.FullName, temppath, copySubDirs);
        }
    }
}

tboswell 的替换证明版本（可以适应文件路径中的重复模式）

public static void copyAll(string SourcePath , string DestinationPath )
{
   //Now Create all of the directories
   foreach (string dirPath in Directory.GetDirectories(SourcePath, "*", SearchOption.AllDirectories))
      Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(DestinationPath ,dirPath.Remove(0, SourcePath.Length ))  );

   //Copy all the files & Replaces any files with the same name
   foreach (string newPath in Directory.GetFiles(SourcePath, "*.*",  SearchOption.AllDirectories))
      File.Copy(newPath, Path.Combine(DestinationPath , newPath.Remove(0, SourcePath.Length)) , true);
    }

我的解决方案基本上是对 @Termininja 答案的修改，但是我对其进行了一些增强，它似乎比接受的答案快了 5 倍以上。 

public static void CopyEntireDirectory(string path, string newPath)
{
    Parallel.ForEach(Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(path, "*", SearchOption.AllDirectories)
    ,(fileName) =>
    {
        string output = Regex.Replace(fileName, "^" + Regex.Escape(path), newPath);
        if (File.Exists(fileName))
        {
            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(output));
            File.Copy(fileName, output, true);
        }
        else
            Directory.CreateDirectory(output);
    });
}

编辑：将 @Ahmed Sabry 修改为完全并行 foreach 确实会产生更好的结果，但是代码使用递归函数，在某些情况下并不理想。

public static void CopyEntireDirectory(DirectoryInfo source, DirectoryInfo target, bool overwiteFiles = true)
{
    if (!source.Exists) return;
    if (!target.Exists) target.Create();

    Parallel.ForEach(source.GetDirectories(), (sourceChildDirectory) =>
        CopyEntireDirectory(sourceChildDirectory, new DirectoryInfo(Path.Combine(target.FullName, sourceChildDirectory.Name))));

    Parallel.ForEach(source.GetFiles(), sourceFile =>
        sourceFile.CopyTo(Path.Combine(target.FullName, sourceFile.Name), overwiteFiles));
}

对之前的代码感到抱歉，它仍然有错误:(（成为最快枪问题的牺牲品）。在这里它已经过测试并且可以工作。关键是 SearchOption.AllDirectories，它消除了显式递归的需要。

string path = "C:\\a";
string[] dirs = Directory.GetDirectories(path, "*.*", SearchOption.AllDirectories);
string newpath = "C:\\x";
try
{
    Directory.CreateDirectory(newpath);
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
for (int j = 0; j < dirs.Length; j++)
{
    try
    {
        Directory.CreateDirectory(dirs[j].Replace(path, newpath));
    }
    catch (IOException ex)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
    }
}

string[] files = Directory.GetFiles(path, "*.*", SearchOption.AllDirectories);
for (int j = 0; j < files.Length; j++)            
{
    try
    {
        File.Copy(files[j], files[j].Replace(path, newpath));
    }
    catch (IOException ex)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
    }
}

这是我的代码希望有帮助

    private void KCOPY(string source, string destination)
    {
        if (IsFile(source))
        {
            string target = Path.Combine(destination, Path.GetFileName(source));
            File.Copy(source, target, true);
        }
        else
        {
            string fileName = Path.GetFileName(source);
            string target = System.IO.Path.Combine(destination, fileName);
            if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(target))
            {
                System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(target);
            }

            List<string> files = GetAllFileAndFolder(source);

            foreach (string file in files)
            {
                KCOPY(file, target);
            }
        }
    }

    private List<string> GetAllFileAndFolder(string path)
    {
        List<string> allFile = new List<string>();
        foreach (string dir in Directory.GetDirectories(path))
        {
            allFile.Add(dir);
        }
        foreach (string file in Directory.GetFiles(path))
        {
            allFile.Add(file);
        }

        return allFile;
    }
    private bool IsFile(string path)
    {
        if ((File.GetAttributes(path) & FileAttributes.Directory) == FileAttributes.Directory)
        {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

这是 DirectoryInfo 的扩展方法 文件信息复制到 （注意 overwrite 范围）：

public static DirectoryInfo CopyTo(this DirectoryInfo sourceDir, string destinationPath, bool overwrite = false)
{
    var sourcePath = sourceDir.FullName;

    var destination = new DirectoryInfo(destinationPath);

    destination.Create();

    foreach (var sourceSubDirPath in Directory.EnumerateDirectories(sourcePath, "*", SearchOption.AllDirectories))
        Directory.CreateDirectory(sourceSubDirPath.Replace(sourcePath, destinationPath));

    foreach (var file in Directory.EnumerateFiles(sourcePath, "*", SearchOption.AllDirectories))
        File.Copy(file, file.Replace(sourcePath, destinationPath), overwrite);

    return destination;
}

它可能不具备性能感知能力，但我将它用于 30MB 文件夹，并且运行完美。另外，我不喜欢如此简单的任务所需的大量代码和递归。 

var source_folder = "c:\src";
var dest_folder = "c:\dest";
var zipFile = source_folder + ".zip";

ZipFile.CreateFromDirectory(source_folder, zipFile);
ZipFile.ExtractToDirectory(zipFile, dest_folder);
File.Delete(zipFile);

笔记：ZipFile 可在 .NET 4.5+ 上的 System.IO.Compression 命名空间中使用

比任何代码都好（使用递归对 DirectoryInfo 进行扩展）

public static bool CopyTo(this DirectoryInfo source, string destination)
    {
        try
        {
            foreach (string dirPath in Directory.GetDirectories(source.FullName))
            {
                var newDirPath = dirPath.Replace(source.FullName, destination);
                Directory.CreateDirectory(newDirPath);
                new DirectoryInfo(dirPath).CopyTo(newDirPath);
            }
            //Copy all the files & Replaces any files with the same name
            foreach (string filePath in Directory.GetFiles(source.FullName))
            {
                File.Copy(filePath, filePath.Replace(source.FullName,destination), true);
            }
            return true;
        }
        catch (IOException exp)
        {
            return false;
        }
    }

使用这个类。

public static class Extensions
{
    public static void CopyTo(this DirectoryInfo source, DirectoryInfo target, bool overwiteFiles = true)
    {
        if (!source.Exists) return;
        if (!target.Exists) target.Create();

        Parallel.ForEach(source.GetDirectories(), (sourceChildDirectory) => 
            CopyTo(sourceChildDirectory, new DirectoryInfo(Path.Combine(target.FullName, sourceChildDirectory.Name))));

        foreach (var sourceFile in source.GetFiles())
            sourceFile.CopyTo(Path.Combine(target.FullName, sourceFile.Name), overwiteFiles);
    }
    public static void CopyTo(this DirectoryInfo source, string target, bool overwiteFiles = true)
    {
        CopyTo(source, new DirectoryInfo(target), overwiteFiles);
    }
}

一种只有一个循环用于复制所有文件夹和文件的变体：

foreach (var f in Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(path, "*", SearchOption.AllDirectories))
{
    var output = Regex.Replace(f, @"^" + path, newPath);
    if (File.Exists(f)) File.Copy(f, output, true);
    else Directory.CreateDirectory(output);
}

下面的代码是微软的建议 如何复制目录

private static void DirectoryCopy(string sourceDirName, string destDirName, bool copySubDirs = true)
        {
            // Get the subdirectories for the specified directory.
            DirectoryInfo dir = new DirectoryInfo(sourceDirName);

            if (!dir.Exists)
            {
                throw new DirectoryNotFoundException(
                    "Source directory does not exist or could not be found: "
                    + sourceDirName);
            }

            DirectoryInfo[] dirs = dir.GetDirectories();
            // If the destination directory doesn't exist, create it.
            if (!Directory.Exists(destDirName))
            {
                Directory.CreateDirectory(destDirName);
            }

            // Get the files in the directory and copy them to the new location.
            FileInfo[] files = dir.GetFiles();
            foreach (FileInfo file in files)
            {
                string temppath = Path.Combine(destDirName, file.Name);
                file.CopyTo(temppath, false);
            }

            // If copying subdirectories, copy them and their contents to new location.
            if (copySubDirs)
            {
                foreach (DirectoryInfo subdir in dirs)
                {
                    string temppath = Path.Combine(destDirName, subdir.Name);
                    DirectoryCopy(subdir.FullName, temppath, copySubDirs);
                }
            }
        }

如果你想复制 内容 的 来源 文件夹和 子文件夹 递归地你可以像这样简单地使用它：

string source = @"J:\source\";
string dest= @"J:\destination\";
DirectoryCopy(source, dest);

但如果你想复制 源目录本身 （类似于您右键单击源文件夹并单击复制，然后在目标文件夹中单击粘贴）您应该像这样使用：

 string source = @"J:\source\";
 string dest= @"J:\destination\";
 DirectoryCopy(source, Path.Combine(dest, new DirectoryInfo(source).Name));

复制并替换文件夹中的所有文件

        public static void CopyAndReplaceAll(string SourcePath, string DestinationPath, string backupPath)
    {
            foreach (string dirPath in Directory.GetDirectories(SourcePath, "*", SearchOption.AllDirectories))
            {
                Directory.CreateDirectory($"{DestinationPath}{dirPath.Remove(0, SourcePath.Length)}");
                Directory.CreateDirectory($"{backupPath}{dirPath.Remove(0, SourcePath.Length)}");
            }
            foreach (string newPath in Directory.GetFiles(SourcePath, "*.*", SearchOption.AllDirectories))
            {
                if (!File.Exists($"{ DestinationPath}{newPath.Remove(0, SourcePath.Length)}"))
                    File.Copy(newPath, $"{ DestinationPath}{newPath.Remove(0, SourcePath.Length)}");
                else
                    File.Replace(newPath
                        , $"{ DestinationPath}{newPath.Remove(0, SourcePath.Length)}"
                        , $"{ backupPath}{newPath.Remove(0, SourcePath.Length)}", false);
            }
    }
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