我已经编写了一些 JUnit 测试 @Test 注解。如果我的测试方法抛出一个已检查的异常,并且我想断言消息和异常,有没有办法使用 JUnit 来做到这一点 @Test 注解?AFAIK,JUnit 4.7 不提供此功能,但未来的版本是否提供此功能?我知道在 .NET 中您可以断言消息和异常类。在 Java 世界中寻找类似的功能。

这就是我要的:

@Test (expected = RuntimeException.class, message = "Employee ID is null")
public void shouldThrowRuntimeExceptionWhenEmployeeIDisNull() {}
有帮助吗?

解决方案

你可以使用 @Rule 注释与 ExpectedException, , 像这样:

@Rule
public ExpectedException expectedEx = ExpectedException.none();

@Test
public void shouldThrowRuntimeExceptionWhenEmployeeIDisNull() throws Exception {
    expectedEx.expect(RuntimeException.class);
    expectedEx.expectMessage("Employee ID is null");

    // do something that should throw the exception...
    System.out.println("=======Starting Exception process=======");
    throw new NullPointerException("Employee ID is null");
}

请注意,示例中的 ExpectedException 文档(当前)是错误的 - 没有公共构造函数,所以你必须使用 ExpectedException.none().

其他提示

我喜欢 @Rule 答案。但是,如果由于某种原因你不想使用的规则。还有第三个选项。

@Test (expected = RuntimeException.class)
public void myTestMethod()
{
   try
   {
      //Run exception throwing operation here
   }
   catch(RuntimeException re)
   {
      String message = "Employee ID is null";
      assertEquals(message, re.getMessage());
      throw re;
    }
    fail("Employee Id Null exception did not throw!");
  }

你有使用@Test(expected=SomeException.class)?当我们要断言异常的实际消息,这就是我们要做的。

@Test
public void myTestMethod()
{
  try
  {
    final Integer employeeId = null;
    new Employee(employeeId);
    fail("Should have thrown SomeException but did not!");
  }
  catch( final SomeException e )
  {
    final String msg = "Employee ID is null";
    assertEquals(msg, e.getMessage());
  }
}

在的JUnit 4.13(一旦释放)可以这样做:

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;

...

@Test
void exceptionTesting() {
  IllegalArgumentException exception = assertThrows(
    IllegalArgumentException.class, 
    () -> { throw new IllegalArgumentException("a message"); }
  );

  assertEquals("a message", exception.getMessage());
}

这也适用于 JUnit的5 但用不同的进口:

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;

...

其实,最好的用法是用try / catch语句。为什么?因为你可以控制你所期望的异常之处。

考虑这个例子:

@Test (expected = RuntimeException.class)
public void someTest() {
   // test preparation
   // actual test
}

如果一天代码被修改和测试制备将抛出RuntimeException?在这种情况下实际测试甚至没有测试,即使它不抛出任何异常测试将通过。

这就是为什么它是更好的使用try / catch语句,而不是依靠注解。

Raystorm有一个很好的答案。我不是规则的大风扇无论是。我这样做,只是我创建以下实用工具类,以帮助可读性和可用性,这是摆在首位的注释的大plus'es的一个类似的东西。

...添加这个工具类:

import org.junit.Assert;

public abstract class ExpectedRuntimeExceptionAsserter {

    private String expectedExceptionMessage;

    public ExpectedRuntimeExceptionAsserter(String expectedExceptionMessage) {
        this.expectedExceptionMessage = expectedExceptionMessage;
    }

    public final void run(){
        try{
            expectException();
            Assert.fail(String.format("Expected a RuntimeException '%s'", expectedExceptionMessage));
        } catch (RuntimeException e){
            Assert.assertEquals("RuntimeException caught, but unexpected message", expectedExceptionMessage, e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    protected abstract void expectException();

}

然后,对于我的单元测试,我需要的是这样的代码:

@Test
public void verifyAnonymousUserCantAccessPrivilegedResourceTest(){
    new ExpectedRuntimeExceptionAsserter("anonymous user can't access privileged resource"){
        @Override
        protected void expectException() {
            throw new RuntimeException("anonymous user can't access privileged resource");
        }
    }.run(); //passes test; expected exception is caught, and this @Test returns normally as "Passed"
}

如果使用@rule,异常集合被施加到在测试类的所有的测试方法。

我喜欢user64141的答案,但发现它可能是更广义的。这是我的看法:

public abstract class ExpectedThrowableAsserter implements Runnable {

    private final Class<? extends Throwable> throwableClass;
    private final String expectedExceptionMessage;

    protected ExpectedThrowableAsserter(Class<? extends Throwable> throwableClass, String expectedExceptionMessage) {
        this.throwableClass = throwableClass;
        this.expectedExceptionMessage = expectedExceptionMessage;
    }

    public final void run() {
        try {
            expectException();
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            assertTrue(String.format("Caught unexpected %s", e.getClass().getSimpleName()), throwableClass.isInstance(e));
            assertEquals(String.format("%s caught, but unexpected message", throwableClass.getSimpleName()), expectedExceptionMessage, e.getMessage());
            return;
        }
        fail(String.format("Expected %s, but no exception was thrown.", throwableClass.getSimpleName()));
    }

    protected abstract void expectException();

}

请注意,留下了“不及格” try块中的语句会被抓住的相关主张除外; catch语句内使用返回防止这一点。

导入追赶异常文库,并使用它。它比ExpectedException规则或try-catch更清洁。

实施例形成其文档:

import static com.googlecode.catchexception.CatchException.*;
import static com.googlecode.catchexception.apis.CatchExceptionHamcrestMatchers.*;

// given: an empty list
List myList = new ArrayList();

// when: we try to get the first element of the list
catchException(myList).get(1);

// then: we expect an IndexOutOfBoundsException with message "Index: 1, Size: 0"
assertThat(caughtException(),
  allOf(
    instanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class),
    hasMessage("Index: 1, Size: 0"),
    hasNoCause()
  )
);
@Test (expectedExceptions = ValidationException.class, expectedExceptionsMessageRegExp = "This is not allowed")
public void testInvalidValidation() throws Exception{
     //test code
}
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