我们可以在c＃中定义枚举的隐式转换吗？

StackOverflow https://stackoverflow.com/questions/261663

题

是否可以在c＃中定义枚举的隐式转换？

可以实现这一目标的东西？

public enum MyEnum
{
    one = 1, two = 2
}

MyEnum number = MyEnum.one;
long i = number;

如果没有，为什么不呢？

关于这方面的进一步讨论和想法，我跟进了我目前如何处理这个问题：改进C＃enum

有帮助吗？

解决方案

有一个解决方案。请考虑以下事项：

public sealed class AccountStatus
{
    public static readonly AccountStatus Open = new AccountStatus(1);
    public static readonly AccountStatus Closed = new AccountStatus(2);

    public static readonly SortedList<byte, AccountStatus> Values = new SortedList<byte, AccountStatus>();
    private readonly byte Value;

    private AccountStatus(byte value)
    {
        this.Value = value;
        Values.Add(value, this);
    }


    public static implicit operator AccountStatus(byte value)
    {
        return Values[byte];
    }

    public static implicit operator byte(AccountStatus value)
    {
        return value.Value;
    }
}

以上提供隐式转换：

        AccountStatus openedAccount = 1;            // Works
        byte openedValue = AccountStatus.Open;      // Works

这比声明一个正常的枚举更加重要（尽管你可以将上面的一些重构为一个通用的通用基类）。你可以通过让基类实现IComparable <！>放大器来进一步发展; IEquatable，以及添加返回DescriptionAttributes值，声明名称等的方法等。

我编写了一个基类（RichEnum <！> lt; <！> gt;）来处理大部分繁琐的工作，这将上面的枚举声明简化为：

public sealed class AccountStatus : RichEnum<byte, AccountStatus>
{
    public static readonly AccountStatus Open = new AccountStatus(1);
    public static readonly AccountStatus Closed = new AccountStatus(2);

    private AccountStatus(byte value) : base (value)
    {
    }

    public static implicit operator AccountStatus(byte value)
    {
        return Convert(value);
    }
}

下面列出了基类（RichEnum）。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Resources;

namespace Ethica
{
    using Reflection;
    using Text;

    [DebuggerDisplay("{Value} ({Name})")]
    public abstract class RichEnum<TValue, TDerived>
                : IEquatable<TDerived>,
                  IComparable<TDerived>,
                  IComparable, IComparer<TDerived>
        where TValue : struct , IComparable<TValue>, IEquatable<TValue>
        where TDerived : RichEnum<TValue, TDerived>
    {
        #region Backing Fields

        /// <summary>
        /// The value of the enum item
        /// </summary>
        public readonly TValue Value;

        /// <summary>
        /// The public field name, determined from reflection
        /// </summary>
        private string _name;

        /// <summary>
        /// The DescriptionAttribute, if any, linked to the declaring field
        /// </summary>
        private DescriptionAttribute _descriptionAttribute;

        /// <summary>
        /// Reverse lookup to convert values back to local instances
        /// </summary>
        private static SortedList<TValue, TDerived> _values;

        private static bool _isInitialized;


        #endregion

        #region Constructors

        protected RichEnum(TValue value)
        {
            if (_values == null)
                _values = new SortedList<TValue, TDerived>();
            this.Value = value;
            _values.Add(value, (TDerived)this);
        }

        #endregion

        #region Properties

        public string Name
        {
            get
            {
                CheckInitialized();
                return _name;
            }
        }

        public string Description
        {
            get
            {
                CheckInitialized();

                if (_descriptionAttribute != null)
                    return _descriptionAttribute.Description;

                return _name;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Initialization

        private static void CheckInitialized()
        {
            if (!_isInitialized)
            {
                ResourceManager _resources = new ResourceManager(typeof(TDerived).Name, typeof(TDerived).Assembly);

                var fields = typeof(TDerived)
                                .GetFields(BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.GetField | BindingFlags.Public)
                                .Where(t => t.FieldType == typeof(TDerived));

                foreach (var field in fields)
                {

                    TDerived instance = (TDerived)field.GetValue(null);
                    instance._name = field.Name;
                    instance._descriptionAttribute = field.GetAttribute<DescriptionAttribute>();

                    var displayName = field.Name.ToPhrase();
                }
                _isInitialized = true;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Conversion and Equality

        public static TDerived Convert(TValue value)
        {
            return _values[value];
        }

        public static bool TryConvert(TValue value, out TDerived result)
        {
            return _values.TryGetValue(value, out result);
        }

        public static implicit operator TValue(RichEnum<TValue, TDerived> value)
        {
            return value.Value;
        }

        public static implicit operator RichEnum<TValue, TDerived>(TValue value)
        {
            return _values[value];
        }

        public static implicit operator TDerived(RichEnum<TValue, TDerived> value)
        {
            return value;
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return _name;
        }

        #endregion

        #region IEquatable<TDerived> Members

        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            if (obj != null)
            {
                if (obj is TValue)
                    return Value.Equals((TValue)obj);

                if (obj is TDerived)
                    return Value.Equals(((TDerived)obj).Value);
            }
            return false;
        }

        bool IEquatable<TDerived>.Equals(TDerived other)
        {
            return Value.Equals(other.Value);
        }


        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            return Value.GetHashCode();
        }

        #endregion

        #region IComparable Members

        int IComparable<TDerived>.CompareTo(TDerived other)
        {
            return Value.CompareTo(other.Value);
        }

        int IComparable.CompareTo(object obj)
        {
            if (obj != null)
            {
                if (obj is TValue)
                    return Value.CompareTo((TValue)obj);

                if (obj is TDerived)
                    return Value.CompareTo(((TDerived)obj).Value);
            }
            return -1;
        }

        int IComparer<TDerived>.Compare(TDerived x, TDerived y)
        {
            return (x == null) ? -1 :
                   (y == null) ? 1 :
                    x.Value.CompareTo(y.Value);
        }

        #endregion

        public static IEnumerable<TDerived> Values
        {
            get
            {
                return _values.Values;
            }
        }

        public static TDerived Parse(string name)
        {
            foreach (TDerived value in _values.Values)
                if (0 == string.Compare(value.Name, name, true) || 0 == string.Compare(value.DisplayName, name, true))
                    return value;

            return null;
        }
    }
}

其他提示

你不能做隐含的转换（零除外），你不能编写自己的实例方法 - 但是，你可以编写自己的扩展方法：

public enum MyEnum { A, B, C }
public static class MyEnumExt
{
    public static int Value(this MyEnum foo) { return (int)foo; }
    static void Main()
    {
        MyEnum val = MyEnum.A;
        int i = val.Value();
    }
}

但这并没有给你很多（与仅仅做一个明确的演员相比）。

我见过人们想要的主要时间之一是通过泛型进行[Flags]操作 - 即bool IsFlagSet<T>(T value, T flag);方法。遗憾的是，C＃3.0不支持泛型运算符，但你可以使用这样的事情，使操作员完全可以使用泛型。

struct PseudoEnum
{
    public const int 
              INPT = 0,
              CTXT = 1,
              OUTP = 2;
};

// ...

var arr = new String[3];

arr[PseudoEnum.CTXT] = "can";
arr[PseudoEnum.INPT] = "use";
arr[PseudoEnum.CTXT] = "as";
arr[PseudoEnum.CTXT] = "array";
arr[PseudoEnum.OUTP] = "index";

我改编了Mark优秀的RichEnum通用基类。

定影

  1. 由于缺少来自其库的位而导致的许多编译问题（特别是：资源相关的显示名称未被完全删除;它们现在已经存在）
  2. 初始化并不完美：如果您做的第一件事是从基类访问静态.Values属性，那么您将得到一个NPE。通过强制基类强制递归地来修复此问题（ CRTP ）在CheckInitialized
    3. 期间及时强制TDerived的静态构造
  3. 最后将CheckInitialized逻辑移动到一个静态构造函数中（以避免每次检查的惩罚，多线程初始化时的竞争条件;也许这是我的子弹1解决的不可能性。？）

    4. 感谢马克的精彩创意+实施，大家都在这里：

    using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Resources;

namespace NMatrix
{

    [DebuggerDisplay("{Value} ({Name})")]
    public abstract class RichEnum<TValue, TDerived>
                : IEquatable<TDerived>,
                  IComparable<TDerived>,
                  IComparable, IComparer<TDerived>
        where TValue : struct, IComparable<TValue>, IEquatable<TValue>
        where TDerived : RichEnum<TValue, TDerived>
    {
        #region Backing Fields

        /// <summary>
        /// The value of the enum item
        /// </summary>
        public readonly TValue Value;

        /// <summary>
        /// The public field name, determined from reflection
        /// </summary>
        private string _name;

        /// <summary>
        /// The DescriptionAttribute, if any, linked to the declaring field
        /// </summary>
        private DescriptionAttribute _descriptionAttribute;

        /// <summary>
        /// Reverse lookup to convert values back to local instances
        /// </summary>
        private static readonly SortedList<TValue, TDerived> _values = new SortedList<TValue, TDerived>();

        #endregion

        #region Constructors

        protected RichEnum(TValue value)
        {
            this.Value = value;
            _values.Add(value, (TDerived)this);
        }

        #endregion

        #region Properties

        public string Name
        {
            get
            {
                return _name;
            }
        }

        public string Description
        {
            get
            {
                if (_descriptionAttribute != null)
                    return _descriptionAttribute.Description;

                return _name;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Initialization

        static RichEnum()
        {
            var fields = typeof(TDerived)
                .GetFields(BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.GetField | BindingFlags.Public)
                .Where(t => t.FieldType == typeof(TDerived));

            foreach (var field in fields)
            {
                /*var dummy =*/ field.GetValue(null); // forces static initializer to run for TDerived

                TDerived instance = (TDerived)field.GetValue(null);
                instance._name = field.Name;
                                    instance._descriptionAttribute = field.GetCustomAttributes(true).OfType<DescriptionAttribute>().FirstOrDefault();
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Conversion and Equality

        public static TDerived Convert(TValue value)
        {
            return _values[value];
        }

        public static bool TryConvert(TValue value, out TDerived result)
        {
            return _values.TryGetValue(value, out result);
        }

        public static implicit operator TValue(RichEnum<TValue, TDerived> value)
        {
            return value.Value;
        }

        public static implicit operator RichEnum<TValue, TDerived>(TValue value)
        {
            return _values[value];
        }

        public static implicit operator TDerived(RichEnum<TValue, TDerived> value)
        {
            return value;
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return _name;
        }

        #endregion

        #region IEquatable<TDerived> Members

        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            if (obj != null)
            {
                if (obj is TValue)
                    return Value.Equals((TValue)obj);

                if (obj is TDerived)
                    return Value.Equals(((TDerived)obj).Value);
            }
            return false;
        }

        bool IEquatable<TDerived>.Equals(TDerived other)
        {
            return Value.Equals(other.Value);
        }


        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            return Value.GetHashCode();
        }

        #endregion

        #region IComparable Members

        int IComparable<TDerived>.CompareTo(TDerived other)
        {
            return Value.CompareTo(other.Value);
        }

        int IComparable.CompareTo(object obj)
        {
            if (obj != null)
            {
                if (obj is TValue)
                    return Value.CompareTo((TValue)obj);

                if (obj is TDerived)
                    return Value.CompareTo(((TDerived)obj).Value);
            }
            return -1;
        }

        int IComparer<TDerived>.Compare(TDerived x, TDerived y)
        {
            return (x == null) ? -1 :
                   (y == null) ? 1 :
                    x.Value.CompareTo(y.Value);
        }

        #endregion

        public static IEnumerable<TDerived> Values
        {
            get
            {
                return _values.Values;
            }
        }

        public static TDerived Parse(string name)
        {
            foreach (TDerived value in Values)
                if (0 == string.Compare(value.Name, name, true))
                    return value;

            return null;
        }
    }
}

    我在单声道上运行的使用示例：

    using System.ComponentModel;
using System;

namespace NMatrix
{    
    public sealed class MyEnum : RichEnum<int, MyEnum>
    {
        [Description("aap")]  public static readonly MyEnum my_aap   = new MyEnum(63000);
        [Description("noot")] public static readonly MyEnum my_noot  = new MyEnum(63001);
        [Description("mies")] public static readonly MyEnum my_mies  = new MyEnum(63002);

        private MyEnum(int value) : base (value) { } 
        public static implicit operator MyEnum(int value) { return Convert(value); }
    }

    public static class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            foreach (var enumvalue in MyEnum.Values)
                Console.WriteLine("MyEnum {0}: {1} ({2})", (int) enumvalue, enumvalue, enumvalue.Description);
        }
    }
}

    制作输出

    [mono] ~/custom/demo @ gmcs test.cs richenum.cs && ./test.exe 
MyEnum 63000: my_aap (aap)
MyEnum 63001: my_noot (noot)
MyEnum 63002: my_mies (mies)

    注意：单声道2.6.7需要使用mono 2.8.2 ...

    时不需要的额外显式强制转换

您可能可以，但不能用于枚举（您无法为其添加方法）。您可以向自己的类添加隐式转换，以允许将枚举转换为它，

public class MyClass {

    public static implicit operator MyClass ( MyEnum input ) {
        //...
    }
}

MyClass m = MyEnum.One;

问题是为什么？

通常.Net避免（也应该）任何可能丢失数据的隐式转换。

如果将枚举的基数定义为long，则可以执行显式转换。我不知道你是否可以使用隐式转换，因为枚举不能在它们上定义方法。

public enum MyEnum : long
{
    one = 1,
    two = 2,
}

MyEnum number = MyEnum.one;
long i = (long)number;

另外，请注意，未经初始化的枚举将默认为0值或第一项 - 因此在上述情况下，最好定义zero = 0。

您无法在枚举类型上声明隐式转换，因为它们无法定义方法。 C＃隐式关键字编译成一个方法启动使用'op_'，在这种情况下不起作用。

在MS .net（非单声道）上运行代码时，我解决了 sehe的答案的问题。对我来说，问题特别发生在.net 4.5.1上，但其他版本似乎也受到了影响。

问题

通过反射访问public static TDervied MyEnumValue（通过FieldInfo.GetValue(null) 初始化所述字段。

解决方法

不是在TDerived的静态初始值设定项上为RichEnum<TValue, TDerived>实例指定名称，而是在首次访问TDerived.Name时懒得完成。代码：

public abstract class RichEnum<TValue, TDerived> : EquatableBase<TDerived>
    where TValue : struct, IComparable<TValue>, IEquatable<TValue>
    where TDerived : RichEnum<TValue, TDerived>
{
    // Enforcing that the field Name (´SomeEnum.SomeEnumValue´) is the same as its 
    // instances ´SomeEnum.Name´ is done by the static initializer of this class.
    // Explanation of initialization sequence:
    // 1. the static initializer of ´RichEnum<TValue, TDerived>´ reflects TDervied and 
    //    creates a list of all ´public static TDervied´ fields:
    //   ´EnumInstanceToNameMapping´
    // 2. the static initializer of ´TDerive´d assigns values to these fields
    // 3. The user is now able to access the values of a field.
    //    Upon first access of ´TDervied.Name´ we search the list 
    //    ´EnumInstanceToNameMapping´ (created at step 1) for the field that holds
    //    ´this´ instance of ´TDerived´.
    //    We then get the Name for ´this´ from the FieldInfo
    private static readonly IReadOnlyCollection<EnumInstanceReflectionInfo> 
                            EnumInstanceToNameMapping = 
        typeof(TDerived)
            .GetFields(BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.GetField | BindingFlags.Public)
            .Where(t => t.FieldType == typeof(TDerived))
            .Select(fieldInfo => new EnumInstanceReflectionInfo(fieldInfo))
            .ToList();

    private static readonly SortedList<TValue, TDerived> Values =
        new SortedList<TValue, TDerived>();

    public readonly TValue Value;

    private readonly Lazy<string> _name;

    protected RichEnum(TValue value)
    {
        Value = value;

        // SortedList doesn't allow duplicates so we don't need to do
        // duplicate checking ourselves
        Values.Add(value, (TDerived)this);

        _name = new Lazy<string>(
                    () => EnumInstanceToNameMapping
                         .First(x => ReferenceEquals(this, x.Instance))
                         .Name);
    }

    public string Name
    {
        get { return _name.Value; }
    }

    public static implicit operator TValue(RichEnum<TValue, TDerived> richEnum)
    {
        return richEnum.Value;
    }

    public static TDerived Convert(TValue value)
    {
        return Values[value];
    }

    protected override bool Equals(TDerived other)
    {
        return Value.Equals(other.Value);
    }

    protected override int ComputeHashCode()
    {
        return Value.GetHashCode();
    }

    private class EnumInstanceReflectionInfo
    {
        private readonly FieldInfo _field;
        private readonly Lazy<TDerived> _instance;

        public EnumInstanceReflectionInfo(FieldInfo field)
        {
            _field = field;
            _instance = new Lazy<TDerived>(() => (TDerived)field.GetValue(null));
        }

        public TDerived Instance
        {
            get { return _instance.Value; }
        }

        public string Name { get { return _field.Name; } }
    }
}

- 在我的情况下 - 基于EquatableBase<T>：

public abstract class EquatableBase<T>
    where T : class 
{
    public override bool Equals(object obj)
    {
        if (this == obj)
        {
            return true;
        }

        T other = obj as T;
        if (other == null)
        {
            return false;
        }

        return Equals(other);
    }

    protected abstract bool Equals(T other);

    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
        unchecked
        {
            return ComputeHashCode();
        }
    }

    protected abstract int ComputeHashCode();
}

注意

上述代码未包含标记原始答案的所有功能！

感谢

感谢标记提供RichEnum实施，并感谢 sehe 提供了一些改进！

我发现从这里采取更简单的解决方案 https://codereview.stackexchange.com / questions / 7566 / enum-vs-int-wrapper-struct 我将以下代码粘贴在该链接中，以防将来无法使用。

struct Day
{
    readonly int day;

    public static readonly Day Monday = 0;
    public static readonly Day Tuesday = 1;
    public static readonly Day Wednesday = 2;
    public static readonly Day Thursday = 3;
    public static readonly Day Friday = 4;
    public static readonly Day Saturday = 5;
    public static readonly Day Sunday = 6;

    private Day(int day)
    {
        this.day = day;
    }

    public static implicit operator int(Day value)
    {
        return value.day;
    }

    public static implicit operator Day(int value)
    {
        return new Day(value);
    }
}
由于这个原因，对我来说，枚举对我来说基本没用。

我最终一直在做与图片有关的事情：

简单的解决方案

经典示例问题是用于检测按键的VirtualKey集。 

enum VKeys : ushort
{
a = 1,
b = 2,
c = 3
}
// the goal is to index the array using predefined constants
int[] array = new int[500];
var x = array[VKeys.VK_LSHIFT];

这里的问题是你不能用枚举索引数组，因为它不能隐式地将枚举转换为ushort（即使我们甚至将这个枚举基于ushort）

在此特定上下文中，枚举由以下数据结构废弃 。 。 。 

public static class VKeys
{
public const ushort
a = 1,
b = 2, 
c = 3;
}

为枚举类型引入隐式转换会破坏类型安全性，所以我不建议这样做。你为什么想这么做？我见过的唯一用例是当你想将枚举值放入具有预定义布局的结构中时。但即使这样，你也可以在结构中使用枚举类型，然后告诉Marshaller他应该怎么做。

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