我有一个针对Linux的Python程序,几乎看起来像这样:

import os
import time

process = os.popen("top").readlines()

time.sleep(1)

os.popen("killall top")

print process

该程序悬挂在此行中:

process = os.popen("top").readlines()

这发生在保持更新输出之类的工具中

我最好的试验:

import os
import time
import subprocess

process = subprocess.Popen('top')

time.sleep(2)

os.popen("killall top")

print process

它比第一个(凯是)更好,但返回:

<subprocess.Popen object at 0x97a50cc>

第二次试验:

import os
import time
import subprocess

process = subprocess.Popen('top').readlines()

time.sleep(2)

os.popen("killall top")

print process

与第一个相同。它由于“ readlines()”而被绞死

它的返回应该是这样:

top - 05:31:15 up 12:12,  5 users,  load average: 0.25, 0.14, 0.11
Tasks: 174 total,   2 running, 172 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
Cpu(s):  9.3%us,  3.8%sy,  0.1%ni, 85.9%id,  0.9%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st
Mem:   1992828k total,  1849456k used,   143372k free,   233048k buffers
Swap:  4602876k total,        0k used,  4602876k free,  1122780k cached

  PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND            
31735 Barakat   20   0  246m  52m  20m S 19.4  2.7  13:54.91 totem              
 1907 root      20   0 91264  45m  15m S  1.9  2.3  38:54.14 Xorg               
 2138 Barakat   20   0 17356 5368 4284 S  1.9  0.3   3:00.15 at-spi-registry    
 2164 Barakat    9 -11  164m 7372 6252 S  1.9  0.4   2:54.58 pulseaudio         
 2394 Barakat   20   0 27212 9792 8256 S  1.9  0.5   6:01.48 multiload-apple    
 6498 Barakat   20   0 56364  30m  18m S  1.9  1.6   0:03.38 pyshell            
    1 root      20   0  2880 1416 1208 S  0.0  0.1   0:02.02 init               
    2 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.02 kthreadd           
    3 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.12 migration/0        
    4 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:02.07 ksoftirqd/0        
    5 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 watchdog/0         
    9 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:01.43 events/0           
   11 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 cpuset             
   12 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.02 khelper            
   13 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 netns              
   14 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 async/mgr          
   15 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 pm

并保存在变量“过程”中。我知道伙计们,我现在真的卡住了吗?

有帮助吗?

解决方案

#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Start process; wait 2 seconds; kill the process; print all process output."""
import subprocess
import tempfile
import time

def main():
    # open temporary file (it automatically deleted when it is closed)
    #  `Popen` requires `f.fileno()` so `SpooledTemporaryFile` adds nothing here
    f = tempfile.TemporaryFile() 

    # start process, redirect stdout
    p = subprocess.Popen(["top"], stdout=f)

    # wait 2 seconds
    time.sleep(2)

    # kill process
    #NOTE: if it doesn't kill the process then `p.wait()` blocks forever
    p.terminate() 
    p.wait() # wait for the process to terminate otherwise the output is garbled

    # print saved output
    f.seek(0) # rewind to the beginning of the file
    print f.read(), 
    f.close()

if __name__=="__main__":
    main()

仅打印输出部分的尾巴状解决方案

您可以在另一个线程中读取进程输出,并在队列中保存所需的最后一行:

import collections
import subprocess
import time
import threading

def read_output(process, append):
    for line in iter(process.stdout.readline, ""):
        append(line)

def main():
    # start process, redirect stdout
    process = subprocess.Popen(["top"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, close_fds=True)
    try:
        # save last `number_of_lines` lines of the process output
        number_of_lines = 200
        q = collections.deque(maxlen=number_of_lines) # atomic .append()
        t = threading.Thread(target=read_output, args=(process, q.append))
        t.daemon = True
        t.start()

        #
        time.sleep(2)
    finally:
        process.terminate() #NOTE: it doesn't ensure the process termination

    # print saved lines
    print ''.join(q)

if __name__=="__main__":
    main()

这种变体需要 q.append() 是原子操作。否则,输出可能会损坏。

signal.alarm() 解决方案

您可以使用 signal.alarm() 打电话 process.terminate() 在指定超时之后,而不是在另一个线程中读取。虽然它可能与 subprocess 模块。基于 @Alex Martelli的答案:

import collections
import signal
import subprocess

class Alarm(Exception):
    pass

def alarm_handler(signum, frame):
    raise Alarm

def main():
    # start process, redirect stdout
    process = subprocess.Popen(["top"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, close_fds=True)

    # set signal handler
    signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, alarm_handler)
    signal.alarm(2) # produce SIGALRM in 2 seconds

    try:
        # save last `number_of_lines` lines of the process output
        number_of_lines = 200
        q = collections.deque(maxlen=number_of_lines)
        for line in iter(process.stdout.readline, ""):
            q.append(line)
        signal.alarm(0) # cancel alarm
    except Alarm:
        process.terminate()
    finally:
        # print saved lines
        print ''.join(q)

if __name__=="__main__":
    main()

此方法仅适用于 *NIX系统。它可能会阻止 process.stdout.readline() 不返回。

threading.Timer 解决方案

import collections
import subprocess
import threading

def main():
    # start process, redirect stdout
    process = subprocess.Popen(["top"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, close_fds=True)

    # terminate process in timeout seconds
    timeout = 2 # seconds
    timer = threading.Timer(timeout, process.terminate)
    timer.start()

    # save last `number_of_lines` lines of the process output
    number_of_lines = 200
    q = collections.deque(process.stdout, maxlen=number_of_lines)
    timer.cancel()

    # print saved lines
    print ''.join(q),

if __name__=="__main__":
    main()

这种方法也应在窗户上工作。我在这里使用过 process.stdout 作为一个帝国;它可能引入额外的输出缓冲,您可以切换到 iter(process.stdout.readline, "") 如果不是理想的话。如果该过程未终止 process.terminate() 然后脚本悬挂。

没有线程,没有信号解决方案

import collections
import subprocess
import sys
import time

def main():
    args = sys.argv[1:]
    if not args:
        args = ['top']

    # start process, redirect stdout
    process = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, close_fds=True)

    # save last `number_of_lines` lines of the process output
    number_of_lines = 200
    q = collections.deque(maxlen=number_of_lines)

    timeout = 2 # seconds
    now = start = time.time()    
    while (now - start) < timeout:
        line = process.stdout.readline()
        if not line:
            break
        q.append(line)
        now = time.time()
    else: # on timeout
        process.terminate()

    # print saved lines
    print ''.join(q),

if __name__=="__main__":
    main()

这种变体都不使用线程,没有信号,但它会在终端中产生乱七八糟的输出。如果它会阻止 process.stdout.readline() 块。

其他提示

我不建议使用“ ps”,而不是使用“ ps”,它将为您提供相同的信息,但只能使用一次,而不是一次永恒。

您还需要使用PS的一些标志,我倾向于使用“ PS Aux”

我要做的不是这种方法是检查您试图从中获取信息并确定该信息的最终来源的程序。它可能是API调用或设备节点。然后,写一些从同一源获取的python。这消除了“刮擦”“煮熟”数据的问题和开销。

(JF Sebastian您的代码效果很好,我认为它比我的解决方案更好=)

我已经以另一种方式解决了它。

而不是直接在终端上进行输出,我将其放入文件“ tmp_file”中:

top >> tmp_file

然后,我使用工具“切割”将其输出“是最高输出”作为过程的值

cat tmp_file

它做了我想做的。这是最终代码:

import os
import subprocess
import time

subprocess.Popen("top >> tmp_file",shell = True)

time.sleep(1)

os.popen("killall top")

process = os.popen("cat tmp_file").read()

os.popen("rm tmp_file")

print process

# Thing better than nothing =)

非常感谢你们的帮助

实际上,如果填充输出缓冲区,您将以一些答案结束。因此,一种解决方案是用大型垃圾输出填充缓冲区(〜6000个字符,bufsize = 1)。

假设您有一个在sys.stdout上写的python脚本,而不是顶部:

GARBAGE='.\n'
sys.stdout.write(valuable_output)
sys.stdout.write(GARBAGE*3000)

在启动器端,而不是简单的process.readline():

GARBAGE='.\n'
line=process.readline()
while line==GARBAGE:
   line=process.readline()

可以肯定的是,这有点脏,因为2000取决于子进程的实现,但效果很好并且非常简单。设置除bufsize = 1以外的任何东西都会使事情变得更糟。

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