Schreiben BMP-Bild in reinem C / C ++, ohne dass andere Bibliotheken
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2654480
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In meinem Algorithmus muss ich Informationsausgabe erstellen. Ich muss boolean Matrix in BMP-Datei zu schreiben. Es muss monocromic Bild sein, wo Pixel weiß ist, wenn Matrix auf einem solchen Element wahr ist. Hauptproblem ist bmp-Header und wie diese zu schreiben.
Lösung
Ohne die Verwendung einer anderen Bibliothek, die Sie auf dem BMP-Dateiformat . Ich habe es in der Vergangenheit umgesetzt und es kann ohne zu viel Arbeit getan werden.
Bitmap-Dateistrukturen
Jede Bitmap-Datei enthält ein Bitmap-Datei-Header, ein Bitmap-Informationskopf, ein Farb Tisch, und ein Array von Bytes, definiert die Bitmap-Bits. Die Datei hat die folgende Form:
BITMAPFILEHEADER BMFH;
BITMAP bmih;
RGBQUAD aColors [];
BYTE aBitmapBits [];
... sehen Sie das Dateiformat für weitere Details
Andere Tipps
Sehen, ob das funktioniert für Sie ... In diesem Code hatte ich 3 2-dimensionalen Arrays, genannt rot, grün und blau. Jeder war von Größe [Breite] [Höhe], und jedes Element entsprach einen Pixel - Ich hoffe, das macht Sinn
FILE *f;
unsigned char *img = NULL;
int filesize = 54 + 3*w*h; //w is your image width, h is image height, both int
img = (unsigned char *)malloc(3*w*h);
memset(img,0,3*w*h);
for(int i=0; i<w; i++)
{
for(int j=0; j<h; j++)
{
x=i; y=(h-1)-j;
r = red[i][j]*255;
g = green[i][j]*255;
b = blue[i][j]*255;
if (r > 255) r=255;
if (g > 255) g=255;
if (b > 255) b=255;
img[(x+y*w)*3+2] = (unsigned char)(r);
img[(x+y*w)*3+1] = (unsigned char)(g);
img[(x+y*w)*3+0] = (unsigned char)(b);
}
}
unsigned char bmpfileheader[14] = {'B','M', 0,0,0,0, 0,0, 0,0, 54,0,0,0};
unsigned char bmpinfoheader[40] = {40,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 1,0, 24,0};
unsigned char bmppad[3] = {0,0,0};
bmpfileheader[ 2] = (unsigned char)(filesize );
bmpfileheader[ 3] = (unsigned char)(filesize>> 8);
bmpfileheader[ 4] = (unsigned char)(filesize>>16);
bmpfileheader[ 5] = (unsigned char)(filesize>>24);
bmpinfoheader[ 4] = (unsigned char)( w );
bmpinfoheader[ 5] = (unsigned char)( w>> 8);
bmpinfoheader[ 6] = (unsigned char)( w>>16);
bmpinfoheader[ 7] = (unsigned char)( w>>24);
bmpinfoheader[ 8] = (unsigned char)( h );
bmpinfoheader[ 9] = (unsigned char)( h>> 8);
bmpinfoheader[10] = (unsigned char)( h>>16);
bmpinfoheader[11] = (unsigned char)( h>>24);
f = fopen("img.bmp","wb");
fwrite(bmpfileheader,1,14,f);
fwrite(bmpinfoheader,1,40,f);
for(int i=0; i<h; i++)
{
fwrite(img+(w*(h-i-1)*3),3,w,f);
fwrite(bmppad,1,(4-(w*3)%4)%4,f);
}
free(img);
fclose(f);
Dies ist die beste Low-Pegel Beispiel ich weiß, geschrieben von Evercat. kopiert aus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Evercat/Buddhabrot.c
void drawbmp (char * filename) {
unsigned int headers[13];
FILE * outfile;
int extrabytes;
int paddedsize;
int x; int y; int n;
int red, green, blue;
extrabytes = 4 - ((WIDTH * 3) % 4); // How many bytes of padding to add to each
// horizontal line - the size of which must
// be a multiple of 4 bytes.
if (extrabytes == 4)
extrabytes = 0;
paddedsize = ((WIDTH * 3) + extrabytes) * HEIGHT;
// Headers...
// Note that the "BM" identifier in bytes 0 and 1 is NOT included in these "headers".
headers[0] = paddedsize + 54; // bfSize (whole file size)
headers[1] = 0; // bfReserved (both)
headers[2] = 54; // bfOffbits
headers[3] = 40; // biSize
headers[4] = WIDTH; // biWidth
headers[5] = HEIGHT; // biHeight
// Would have biPlanes and biBitCount in position 6, but they're shorts.
// It's easier to write them out separately (see below) than pretend
// they're a single int, especially with endian issues...
headers[7] = 0; // biCompression
headers[8] = paddedsize; // biSizeImage
headers[9] = 0; // biXPelsPerMeter
headers[10] = 0; // biYPelsPerMeter
headers[11] = 0; // biClrUsed
headers[12] = 0; // biClrImportant
outfile = fopen(filename, "wb");
//
// Headers begin...
// When printing ints and shorts, we write out 1 character at a time to avoid endian issues.
//
fprintf(outfile, "BM");
for (n = 0; n <= 5; n++)
{
fprintf(outfile, "%c", headers[n] & 0x000000FF);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", (headers[n] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", (headers[n] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", (headers[n] & (unsigned int) 0xFF000000) >> 24);
}
// These next 4 characters are for the biPlanes and biBitCount fields.
fprintf(outfile, "%c", 1);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", 0);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", 24);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", 0);
for (n = 7; n <= 12; n++)
{
fprintf(outfile, "%c", headers[n] & 0x000000FF);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", (headers[n] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", (headers[n] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", (headers[n] & (unsigned int) 0xFF000000) >> 24);
}
//
// Headers done, now write the data...
//
for (y = HEIGHT - 1; y >= 0; y--) // BMP image format is written from bottom to top...
{
for (x = 0; x <= WIDTH - 1; x++)
{
red = reduce(redcount[x][y] + COLOUR_OFFSET) * red_multiplier;
green = reduce(greencount[x][y] + COLOUR_OFFSET) * green_multiplier;
blue = reduce(bluecount[x][y] + COLOUR_OFFSET) * blue_multiplier;
if (red > 255) red = 255; if (red < 0) red = 0;
if (green > 255) green = 255; if (green < 0) green = 0;
if (blue > 255) blue = 255; if (blue < 0) blue = 0;
// Also, it's written in (b,g,r) format...
fprintf(outfile, "%c", blue);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", green);
fprintf(outfile, "%c", red);
}
if (extrabytes) // See above - BMP lines must be of lengths divisible by 4.
{
for (n = 1; n <= extrabytes; n++)
{
fprintf(outfile, "%c", 0);
}
}
}
fclose(outfile);
return;
}
drawbmp(filename);
Beachten Sie, dass die Linien von unten nach oben gespeichert werden und nicht umgekehrt.
Darüber hinaus wird die Abtastlinien muss eine Byte-Länge von Vielfachen von vier haben, sollten Sie einen Fill am Ende der Leitungen Bytes dies zu gewährleisten.
Sauber C-Code für Bitmap (BMP) Bilderzeugung
generiert:
Der Code verwendet keine andere Bibliothek als stdio.h . So kann der Code leicht in anderen Sprachen der C-Familie, wie-C ++, C #, Java integriert werden.
#include <stdio.h>
const int bytesPerPixel = 3; /// red, green, blue
const int fileHeaderSize = 14;
const int infoHeaderSize = 40;
void generateBitmapImage(unsigned char *image, int height, int width, char* imageFileName);
unsigned char* createBitmapFileHeader(int height, int width, int paddingSize);
unsigned char* createBitmapInfoHeader(int height, int width);
int main(){
int height = 341;
int width = 753;
unsigned char image[height][width][bytesPerPixel];
char* imageFileName = "bitmapImage.bmp";
int i, j;
for(i=0; i<height; i++){
for(j=0; j<width; j++){
image[i][j][2] = (unsigned char)((double)i/height*255); ///red
image[i][j][1] = (unsigned char)((double)j/width*255); ///green
image[i][j][0] = (unsigned char)(((double)i+j)/(height+width)*255); ///blue
}
}
generateBitmapImage((unsigned char *)image, height, width, imageFileName);
printf("Image generated!!");
}
void generateBitmapImage(unsigned char *image, int height, int width, char* imageFileName){
unsigned char padding[3] = {0, 0, 0};
int paddingSize = (4 - (width*bytesPerPixel) % 4) % 4;
unsigned char* fileHeader = createBitmapFileHeader(height, width, paddingSize);
unsigned char* infoHeader = createBitmapInfoHeader(height, width);
FILE* imageFile = fopen(imageFileName, "wb");
fwrite(fileHeader, 1, fileHeaderSize, imageFile);
fwrite(infoHeader, 1, infoHeaderSize, imageFile);
int i;
for(i=0; i<height; i++){
fwrite(image+(i*width*bytesPerPixel), bytesPerPixel, width, imageFile);
fwrite(padding, 1, paddingSize, imageFile);
}
fclose(imageFile);
}
unsigned char* createBitmapFileHeader(int height, int width, int paddingSize){
int fileSize = fileHeaderSize + infoHeaderSize + (bytesPerPixel*width+paddingSize) * height;
static unsigned char fileHeader[] = {
0,0, /// signature
0,0,0,0, /// image file size in bytes
0,0,0,0, /// reserved
0,0,0,0, /// start of pixel array
};
fileHeader[ 0] = (unsigned char)('B');
fileHeader[ 1] = (unsigned char)('M');
fileHeader[ 2] = (unsigned char)(fileSize );
fileHeader[ 3] = (unsigned char)(fileSize>> 8);
fileHeader[ 4] = (unsigned char)(fileSize>>16);
fileHeader[ 5] = (unsigned char)(fileSize>>24);
fileHeader[10] = (unsigned char)(fileHeaderSize + infoHeaderSize);
return fileHeader;
}
unsigned char* createBitmapInfoHeader(int height, int width){
static unsigned char infoHeader[] = {
0,0,0,0, /// header size
0,0,0,0, /// image width
0,0,0,0, /// image height
0,0, /// number of color planes
0,0, /// bits per pixel
0,0,0,0, /// compression
0,0,0,0, /// image size
0,0,0,0, /// horizontal resolution
0,0,0,0, /// vertical resolution
0,0,0,0, /// colors in color table
0,0,0,0, /// important color count
};
infoHeader[ 0] = (unsigned char)(infoHeaderSize);
infoHeader[ 4] = (unsigned char)(width );
infoHeader[ 5] = (unsigned char)(width>> 8);
infoHeader[ 6] = (unsigned char)(width>>16);
infoHeader[ 7] = (unsigned char)(width>>24);
infoHeader[ 8] = (unsigned char)(height );
infoHeader[ 9] = (unsigned char)(height>> 8);
infoHeader[10] = (unsigned char)(height>>16);
infoHeader[11] = (unsigned char)(height>>24);
infoHeader[12] = (unsigned char)(1);
infoHeader[14] = (unsigned char)(bytesPerPixel*8);
return infoHeader;
}
Hier ist eine C ++ Variante des Codes, das funktioniert für mich. Hinweis Ich hatte die Größe Berechnung Konto für die Linie padding zu ändern.
// mimeType = "image/bmp";
unsigned char file[14] = {
'B','M', // magic
0,0,0,0, // size in bytes
0,0, // app data
0,0, // app data
40+14,0,0,0 // start of data offset
};
unsigned char info[40] = {
40,0,0,0, // info hd size
0,0,0,0, // width
0,0,0,0, // heigth
1,0, // number color planes
24,0, // bits per pixel
0,0,0,0, // compression is none
0,0,0,0, // image bits size
0x13,0x0B,0,0, // horz resoluition in pixel / m
0x13,0x0B,0,0, // vert resolutions (0x03C3 = 96 dpi, 0x0B13 = 72 dpi)
0,0,0,0, // #colors in pallete
0,0,0,0, // #important colors
};
int w=waterfallWidth;
int h=waterfallHeight;
int padSize = (4-(w*3)%4)%4;
int sizeData = w*h*3 + h*padSize;
int sizeAll = sizeData + sizeof(file) + sizeof(info);
file[ 2] = (unsigned char)( sizeAll );
file[ 3] = (unsigned char)( sizeAll>> 8);
file[ 4] = (unsigned char)( sizeAll>>16);
file[ 5] = (unsigned char)( sizeAll>>24);
info[ 4] = (unsigned char)( w );
info[ 5] = (unsigned char)( w>> 8);
info[ 6] = (unsigned char)( w>>16);
info[ 7] = (unsigned char)( w>>24);
info[ 8] = (unsigned char)( h );
info[ 9] = (unsigned char)( h>> 8);
info[10] = (unsigned char)( h>>16);
info[11] = (unsigned char)( h>>24);
info[20] = (unsigned char)( sizeData );
info[21] = (unsigned char)( sizeData>> 8);
info[22] = (unsigned char)( sizeData>>16);
info[23] = (unsigned char)( sizeData>>24);
stream.write( (char*)file, sizeof(file) );
stream.write( (char*)info, sizeof(info) );
unsigned char pad[3] = {0,0,0};
for ( int y=0; y<h; y++ )
{
for ( int x=0; x<w; x++ )
{
long red = lround( 255.0 * waterfall[x][y] );
if ( red < 0 ) red=0;
if ( red > 255 ) red=255;
long green = red;
long blue = red;
unsigned char pixel[3];
pixel[0] = blue;
pixel[1] = green;
pixel[2] = red;
stream.write( (char*)pixel, 3 );
}
stream.write( (char*)pad, padSize );
}
I edited htp-Code des ralf, so dass sie (auf gcc, ubuntu 16.04 LTS läuft) kompilieren würde. Es war nur eine Frage, die Variablen zu initialisieren.
int w = 100; /* Put here what ever width you want */
int h = 100; /* Put here what ever height you want */
int red[w][h];
int green[w][h];
int blue[w][h];
FILE *f;
unsigned char *img = NULL;
int filesize = 54 + 3*w*h; //w is your image width, h is image height, both int
if( img )
free( img );
img = (unsigned char *)malloc(3*w*h);
memset(img,0,sizeof(img));
int x;
int y;
int r;
int g;
int b;
for(int i=0; i<w; i++)
{
for(int j=0; j<h; j++)
{
x=i; y=(h-1)-j;
r = red[i][j]*255;
g = green[i][j]*255;
b = blue[i][j]*255;
if (r > 255) r=255;
if (g > 255) g=255;
if (b > 255) b=255;
img[(x+y*w)*3+2] = (unsigned char)(r);
img[(x+y*w)*3+1] = (unsigned char)(g);
img[(x+y*w)*3+0] = (unsigned char)(b);
}
}
unsigned char bmpfileheader[14] = {'B','M', 0,0,0,0, 0,0, 0,0, 54,0,0,0};
unsigned char bmpinfoheader[40] = {40,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 1,0, 24,0};
unsigned char bmppad[3] = {0,0,0};
bmpfileheader[ 2] = (unsigned char)(filesize );
bmpfileheader[ 3] = (unsigned char)(filesize>> 8);
bmpfileheader[ 4] = (unsigned char)(filesize>>16);
bmpfileheader[ 5] = (unsigned char)(filesize>>24);
bmpinfoheader[ 4] = (unsigned char)( w );
bmpinfoheader[ 5] = (unsigned char)( w>> 8);
bmpinfoheader[ 6] = (unsigned char)( w>>16);
bmpinfoheader[ 7] = (unsigned char)( w>>24);
bmpinfoheader[ 8] = (unsigned char)( h );
bmpinfoheader[ 9] = (unsigned char)( h>> 8);
bmpinfoheader[10] = (unsigned char)( h>>16);
bmpinfoheader[11] = (unsigned char)( h>>24);
f = fopen("img.bmp","wb");
fwrite(bmpfileheader,1,14,f);
fwrite(bmpinfoheader,1,40,f);
for(int i=0; i<h; i++)
{
fwrite(img+(w*(h-i-1)*3),3,w,f);
fwrite(bmppad,1,(4-(w*3)%4)%4,f);
}
fclose(f);
Wenn Sie seltsame Farben bekommen Schalter in der Mitte des Bildes unter Verwendung der oben C ++ Funktion. Achten Sie darauf, die outStream im Binär-Modus zu öffnen:
imgFile.open(filename, std::ios_base::out | std::ios_base::binary);
Ansonsten Fenster Einsätze unerwünschte Zeichen in der Mitte der Datei! (Wurde meinen Kopf stundenlang über dieses Thema hämmert)
Siehe ähnliche Frage hier: Warum ofstream Einsatz ein 0x0D Byte vor 0x0A?
Ich will nur eine verbesserte Version von Minhas Kamal Code teilen, weil, obwohl es für die meisten Anwendungen gut genug gearbeitet, hatte ich ein paar Probleme mit ihm noch. Zwei sehr wichtige Dinge zu erinnern:
- Der Code (zum Zeitpunkt des Schreibens) ruft frei () auf zwei statischen Arrays. Dies bewirkt, dass das Programm zum Absturz bringen. So bemerkte ich diese Zeilen aus.
- nie davon ausgehen, dass Ihre Pixeldaten Tonhöhe ist immer (Breite * BytesPerPixel). Am besten ist es der Benutzer des Tonhöhenwert zu lassen. Beispiel: Wenn Ressourcen in Direct3D Manipulation wird die RowPitch nie verwendet wird, ein gerades Vielfaches der Byte Tiefe sein garantiert. Dies kann Fehler in der generierten Bitmaps verursacht (vor allem an den ungeraden Auflösungen wie 1366x768).
Unten können Sie meine Änderungen an seinen Code sehen:
const int bytesPerPixel = 4; /// red, green, blue
const int fileHeaderSize = 14;
const int infoHeaderSize = 40;
void generateBitmapImage(unsigned char *image, int height, int width, int pitch, const char* imageFileName);
unsigned char* createBitmapFileHeader(int height, int width, int pitch, int paddingSize);
unsigned char* createBitmapInfoHeader(int height, int width);
void generateBitmapImage(unsigned char *image, int height, int width, int pitch, const char* imageFileName) {
unsigned char padding[3] = { 0, 0, 0 };
int paddingSize = (4 - (/*width*bytesPerPixel*/ pitch) % 4) % 4;
unsigned char* fileHeader = createBitmapFileHeader(height, width, pitch, paddingSize);
unsigned char* infoHeader = createBitmapInfoHeader(height, width);
FILE* imageFile = fopen(imageFileName, "wb");
fwrite(fileHeader, 1, fileHeaderSize, imageFile);
fwrite(infoHeader, 1, infoHeaderSize, imageFile);
int i;
for (i = 0; i < height; i++) {
fwrite(image + (i*pitch /*width*bytesPerPixel*/), bytesPerPixel, width, imageFile);
fwrite(padding, 1, paddingSize, imageFile);
}
fclose(imageFile);
//free(fileHeader);
//free(infoHeader);
}
unsigned char* createBitmapFileHeader(int height, int width, int pitch, int paddingSize) {
int fileSize = fileHeaderSize + infoHeaderSize + (/*bytesPerPixel*width*/pitch + paddingSize) * height;
static unsigned char fileHeader[] = {
0,0, /// signature
0,0,0,0, /// image file size in bytes
0,0,0,0, /// reserved
0,0,0,0, /// start of pixel array
};
fileHeader[0] = (unsigned char)('B');
fileHeader[1] = (unsigned char)('M');
fileHeader[2] = (unsigned char)(fileSize);
fileHeader[3] = (unsigned char)(fileSize >> 8);
fileHeader[4] = (unsigned char)(fileSize >> 16);
fileHeader[5] = (unsigned char)(fileSize >> 24);
fileHeader[10] = (unsigned char)(fileHeaderSize + infoHeaderSize);
return fileHeader;
}
unsigned char* createBitmapInfoHeader(int height, int width) {
static unsigned char infoHeader[] = {
0,0,0,0, /// header size
0,0,0,0, /// image width
0,0,0,0, /// image height
0,0, /// number of color planes
0,0, /// bits per pixel
0,0,0,0, /// compression
0,0,0,0, /// image size
0,0,0,0, /// horizontal resolution
0,0,0,0, /// vertical resolution
0,0,0,0, /// colors in color table
0,0,0,0, /// important color count
};
infoHeader[0] = (unsigned char)(infoHeaderSize);
infoHeader[4] = (unsigned char)(width);
infoHeader[5] = (unsigned char)(width >> 8);
infoHeader[6] = (unsigned char)(width >> 16);
infoHeader[7] = (unsigned char)(width >> 24);
infoHeader[8] = (unsigned char)(height);
infoHeader[9] = (unsigned char)(height >> 8);
infoHeader[10] = (unsigned char)(height >> 16);
infoHeader[11] = (unsigned char)(height >> 24);
infoHeader[12] = (unsigned char)(1);
infoHeader[14] = (unsigned char)(bytesPerPixel * 8);
return infoHeader;
}
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