The difference in months between dates in MySQL
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/288984
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08-07-2019 - |
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I'm looking to calculate the number of months between 2 date time fields.
Is there a better way than getting the unix timestamp and the dividing by 2 592 000 (seconds) and rounding up whithin MySQL?
Solution
The DATEDIFF function can give you the number of days between two dates. Which is more accurate, since... how do you define a month? (28, 29, 30, or 31 days?)
OTHER TIPS
Month-difference between any given two dates:
I'm surprised this hasn't been mentioned yet:
Have a look at the TIMESTAMPDIFF() function in MySQL.
What this allows you to do is pass in two TIMESTAMP or DATETIME values (or even DATE as MySQL will auto-convert) as well as the unit of time you want to base your difference on.
You can specify MONTH as the unit in the first parameter:
SELECT TIMESTAMPDIFF(MONTH, '2012-05-05', '2012-06-04')
-- Outputs: 0
SELECT TIMESTAMPDIFF(MONTH, '2012-05-05', '2012-06-05')
-- Outputs: 1
SELECT TIMESTAMPDIFF(MONTH, '2012-05-05', '2012-06-15')
-- Outputs: 1
SELECT TIMESTAMPDIFF(MONTH, '2012-05-05', '2012-12-16')
-- Outputs: 7
It basically gets the number of months elapsed from the first date in the parameter list. This solution automatically compensates for the varying amount of days in each month (28,30,31) as well as taking into account leap years — you don't have to worry about any of that stuff.
Month-difference with precision:
It's a little more complicated if you want to introduce decimal precision in the number of months elapsed, but here is how you can do it:
SELECT
TIMESTAMPDIFF(MONTH, startdate, enddate) +
DATEDIFF(
enddate,
startdate + INTERVAL
TIMESTAMPDIFF(MONTH, startdate, enddate)
MONTH
) /
DATEDIFF(
startdate + INTERVAL
TIMESTAMPDIFF(MONTH, startdate, enddate) + 1
MONTH,
startdate + INTERVAL
TIMESTAMPDIFF(MONTH, startdate, enddate)
MONTH
)
Where startdate and enddate are your date parameters, whether it be from two date columns in a table or as input parameters from a script:
Examples:
With startdate = '2012-05-05' AND enddate = '2012-05-27':
-- Outputs: 0.7097
With startdate = '2012-05-05' AND enddate = '2012-06-13':
-- Outputs: 1.2667
With startdate = '2012-02-27' AND enddate = '2012-06-02':
-- Outputs: 3.1935
PERIOD_DIFF calculates months between two dates.
For example, to calculate the difference between now() and a time column in your_table:
select period_diff(date_format(now(), '%Y%m'), date_format(time, '%Y%m')) as months from your_table;
I use also PERIODDIFF. To get the year and the month of the date, I use the function EXTRACT:
SELECT PERIOD_DIFF(EXTRACT(YEAR_MONTH FROM NOW()), EXTRACT(YEAR_MONTH FROM time)) AS months FROM your_table;
I prefer this way, because evryone will understand it clearly at the first glance:
SELECT
12 * (YEAR(to) - YEAR(from)) + (MONTH(to) - MONTH(from)) AS months
FROM
tab;
As many of the answers here show, the 'right' answer depends on exactly what you need. In my case, I need to round to the closest whole number.
Consider these examples: 1st January -> 31st January: It's 0 whole months, and almost 1 month long. 1st January -> 1st February? It's 1 whole month, and exactly 1 month long.
To get the number of whole (complete) months, use:
SELECT TIMESTAMPDIFF(MONTH, '2018-01-01', '2018-01-31'); => 0
SELECT TIMESTAMPDIFF(MONTH, '2018-01-01', '2018-02-01'); => 1
To get a rounded duration in months, you could use:
SELECT ROUND(TIMESTAMPDIFF(DAY, '2018-01-01', '2018-01-31')*12/365.24); => 1
SELECT ROUND(TIMESTAMPDIFF(DAY, '2018-01-01', '2018-01-31')*12/365.24); => 1
This is accurate to +/- 5 days and for ranges over 1000 years. Zane's answer is obviously more accurate, but it's too verbose for my liking.
From the MySQL manual:
PERIOD_DIFF(P1,P2)
Returns the number of months between periods P1 and P2. P1 and P2 should be in the format YYMM or YYYYMM. Note that the period arguments P1 and P2 are not date values.
mysql> SELECT PERIOD_DIFF(200802,200703); -> 11
So it may be possible to do something like this:
Select period_diff(concat(year(d1),if(month(d1)<10,'0',''),month(d1)), concat(year(d2),if(month(d2)<10,'0',''),month(d2))) as months from your_table;
Where d1 and d2 are the date expressions.
I had to use the if() statements to make sure that the months was a two digit number like 02 rather than 2.
Is there a better way? yes. Do not use MySQL Timestamps. Apart from the fact that they occupy 36 Bytes, they are not at all convenient to work with. I would reccomend using Julian Date and Seconds from midnight for all date/time values. These can be combined to form a UnixDateTime. If this is stored in a DWORD (unsigned 4 Byte Integer) then dates all the way up to 2106 can be stored as seconds since epoc, 01/01/1970 DWORD max val = 4,294,967,295 - A DWORD can hold 136 years of Seconds
Julian Dates are very nice to work with when making date calculations UNIXDateTime values are good to work with when making Date/Time calculations Neither are good to look at, so I use the Timestamps when I need a column that I will not be doing much calculation with, but I want an at-a-glance indication.
Converting to Julian and back can be done very quickly in a good language. Using pointers I have it down to about 900 Clks (This is also a conversion from a STRING to an INTEGER of course)
When you get into serious applications that use Date/Time information like for example the financial markets, Julian dates are de-facto.
The Query will be like:
select period_diff(date_format(now(),"%Y%m"),date_format(created,"%Y%m")) from customers where..
Gives a number of calendar months since the created datestamp on a customer record, letting MySQL do the month selection internally.
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `calcula_edad` $$
CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` FUNCTION `calcula_edad`(pFecha1 date, pFecha2 date, pTipo char(1)) RETURNS int(11)
Begin
Declare vMeses int;
Declare vEdad int;
Set vMeses = period_diff( date_format( pFecha1, '%Y%m' ), date_format( pFecha2, '%Y%m' ) ) ;
/* Si el dia de la fecha1 es menor al dia de fecha2, restar 1 mes */
if day(pFecha1) < day(pFecha2) then
Set vMeses = VMeses - 1;
end if;
if pTipo='A' then
Set vEdad = vMeses div 12 ;
else
Set vEdad = vMeses ;
end if ;
Return vEdad;
End
select calcula_edad(curdate(),born_date,'M') -- for number of months between 2 dates
Execute this code and it will create a function datedeifference which will give you the difference in date format yyyy-mm-dd.
DELIMITER $$
CREATE FUNCTION datedifference(date1 DATE, date2 DATE) RETURNS DATE
NO SQL
BEGIN
DECLARE dif DATE;
IF DATEDIFF(date1, DATE(CONCAT(YEAR(date1),'-', MONTH(date1), '-', DAY(date2)))) < 0 THEN
SET dif=DATE_FORMAT(
CONCAT(
PERIOD_DIFF(date_format(date1, '%y%m'),date_format(date2, '%y%m'))DIV 12 ,
'-',
PERIOD_DIFF(date_format(date1, '%y%m'),date_format(date2, '%y%m'))% 12 ,
'-',
DATEDIFF(date1, DATE(CONCAT(YEAR(date1),'-', MONTH(DATE_SUB(date1, INTERVAL 1 MONTH)), '-', DAY(date2))))),
'%Y-%m-%d');
ELSEIF DATEDIFF(date1, DATE(CONCAT(YEAR(date1),'-', MONTH(date1), '-', DAY(date2)))) < DAY(LAST_DAY(DATE_SUB(date1, INTERVAL 1 MONTH))) THEN
SET dif=DATE_FORMAT(
CONCAT(
PERIOD_DIFF(date_format(date1, '%y%m'),date_format(date2, '%y%m'))DIV 12 ,
'-',
PERIOD_DIFF(date_format(date1, '%y%m'),date_format(date2, '%y%m'))% 12 ,
'-',
DATEDIFF(date1, DATE(CONCAT(YEAR(date1),'-', MONTH(date1), '-', DAY(date2))))),
'%Y-%m-%d');
ELSE
SET dif=DATE_FORMAT(
CONCAT(
PERIOD_DIFF(date_format(date1, '%y%m'),date_format(date2, '%y%m'))DIV 12 ,
'-',
PERIOD_DIFF(date_format(date1, '%y%m'),date_format(date2, '%y%m'))% 12 ,
'-',
DATEDIFF(date1, DATE(CONCAT(YEAR(date1),'-', MONTH(date1), '-', DAY(date2))))),
'%Y-%m-%d');
END IF;
RETURN dif;
END $$
DELIMITER;
This depends on how you want the # of months to be defined. Answer this questions: 'What is difference in months: Feb 15, 2008 - Mar 12, 2009'. Is it defined by clear cut # of days which depends on leap years- what month it is, or same day of previous month = 1 month.
A calculation for Days:
Feb 15 -> 29 (leap year) = 14 Mar 1, 2008 + 365 = Mar 1, 2009. Mar 1 -> Mar 12 = 12 days. 14 + 365 + 12 = 391 days. Total = 391 days / (avg days in month = 30) = 13.03333
A calculation of months:
Feb 15 2008 - Feb 15 2009 = 12 Feb 15 -> Mar 12 = less than 1 month Total = 12 months, or 13 if feb 15 - mar 12 is considered 'the past month'
SELECT *
FROM emp_salaryrevise_view
WHERE curr_year Between '2008' AND '2009'
AND MNTH Between '12' AND '1'
I needed month-difference with precision. Although Zane Bien's solution is in the right direction, his second and third examples give inaccurate results. A day in February divided by the number of days in February is not equal to a day in May divided by the number of days in May. So the second example should output ((31-5+1)/31 + 13/30 = ) 1.3043 and the third example ((29-27+1)/29 + 2/30 + 3 = ) 3.1701.
I ended up with the following query:
SELECT
'2012-02-27' AS startdate,
'2012-06-02' AS enddate,
TIMESTAMPDIFF(DAY, (SELECT startdate), (SELECT enddate)) AS days,
IF(MONTH((SELECT startdate)) = MONTH((SELECT enddate)), 0, (TIMESTAMPDIFF(DAY, (SELECT startdate), LAST_DAY((SELECT startdate)) + INTERVAL 1 DAY)) / DAY(LAST_DAY((SELECT startdate)))) AS period1,
TIMESTAMPDIFF(MONTH, LAST_DAY((SELECT startdate)) + INTERVAL 1 DAY, LAST_DAY((SELECT enddate))) AS period2,
IF(MONTH((SELECT startdate)) = MONTH((SELECT enddate)), (SELECT days), DAY((SELECT enddate))) / DAY(LAST_DAY((SELECT enddate))) AS period3,
(SELECT period1) + (SELECT period2) + (SELECT period3) AS months
You can get years, months and days this way:
SELECT
username
,date_of_birth
,DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), '%Y') - DATE_FORMAT(date_of_birth, '%Y') - (DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), '00-%m-%d') < DATE_FORMAT(date_of_birth, '00-%m-%d')) AS years
,PERIOD_DIFF( DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), '%Y%m') , DATE_FORMAT(date_of_birth, '%Y%m') ) AS months
,DATEDIFF(CURDATE(),date_of_birth) AS days
FROM users
You can also try this:
select MONTH(NOW())-MONTH(table_date) as 'Total Month Difference' from table_name;
OR
select MONTH(Newer_date)-MONTH(Older_date) as 'Total Month Difference' from table_Name;
PERIOD_DIFF() function
One of the way is MySQL PERIOD_DIFF() returns the difference between two periods. Periods should be in the same format i.e. YYYYMM or YYMM. It is to be noted that periods are not date values.
Code:
SELECT PERIOD_DIFF(200905,200811);
Simple answer given start date as ins_frm and end date as ins_to
SELECT convert(TIMESTAMPDIFF(year, ins_frm, ins_to),UNSIGNED) as yrs,
mod(TIMESTAMPDIFF(MONTH, ins_frm, ins_to),12) mnths
FROM table_name
Enjoy :)))
Try this
SELECT YEAR(end_date)*12 + MONTH(end_date) - (YEAR(start_date)*12 + MONTH(start_date))
This query worked for me:)
SELECT * FROM tbl_purchase_receipt
WHERE purchase_date BETWEEN '2008-09-09' AND '2009-09-09'
It simply take two dates and retrieves the values between them.
