You need to use event delegation ,because the buttons are created dynamically.The elements are not present in the time of event binding. Also you need to select the parent('.miniatura')
otherwise it will only remove the close icon not the .miniatura
div
<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$("#gradearquivos").on('click',".excluir",function(){
$(this).parent('.miniatura').remove();
});
$("#novo").click(function(){
$("#gradearquivos").append("<div class=\"miniatura\"><button class=\"excluir\">X</button></div>");
});
});
</script>