The key is in this phrase from the linked MSDN:
The x64 Application Binary Interface (ABI) is a 4 register fast-call calling convention, with stack-backing for those registers.
That is, the registers are loaded with the first 4 arguments, but nevertheless they have its space reserved in the stack. As @HansPassant notes in the comments below, the caller does not write into this shadow space, but it is available for the callee, should it need to save the registers (for example for calling another function).