Have a look here https://developers.facebook.com/docs/games/mobile/ios-tutorial/#opengraph for an introduction of the integration of iOS games and Facebook, and here https://developers.facebook.com/docs/games/scores for the explanation how to use the OpenGraph Scores API.
There is also an Achievements API which yoou could use: https://developers.facebook.com/docs/games/achievements/
As far as I know, results can only be queried for the User who gave the Access Token, respectively the User's friends. So, an overall leaderboard cannot be generated via these mechanisms.
Additional helpful links: