You've already come very close to determining the problem:
I have language packs or some other packs that many don't have…
What you specifically have on your system which isn't universal is the necessary fonts. Not all systems have fonts which contain these characters, so they are unable to display them. You will need to make these fonts available to your users' browsers, possibly by embedding them as webfonts.
(Additionally, Google Chrome on Mac OS X is unable to use the default Apple Emoji font which contains some of these characters, so it is not able to display them properly either. Other fonts which contain these characters will work fine, though, so long as they are chosen at a higher priority.)