I determined that the crash occurs only when the workspace contains a symbolic link. As a workaround, I added to my ("execute shell") build step removal of all symlinks before jenkins proceeds to archive the workspace.
#
# Workaround Jenkins bug:
#
# Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException: java.lang.String cannot be cast to java.lang.StringBuffer
# at hudson.util.io.TarArchiver.visitSymlink(TarArchiver.java:79)
#
find . -type l -print0 | xargs -0 rm -f