Imagemagick does support memory program register (mpr:) for writing & reading images in memory. However, anything allocated in memory will be freed at the end of the process, so a bit forethought will be needed to design your solution.
convert rose: -write mpr:apples +delete \
\( mpr:apples -rotate 90 \) \
\( mpr:apples -rotate 120 \) \
mpr:apples +append aa_rose.png
Another alternative is to mount a portion of volatile memory as a directory with tmpfs, and write your temporary images there.
#/etc/fstab
tmpfs /var/imagemagick-tmp tmpfs nodev,nosuid,size=50M 0 0