So, at some point you have an array of values that you passed to jqPlot to draw the graph, for example:
var myData = [[1, 2],[3,5.12],[5,13.1],[7,33.6],[9,85.9],[11,219.9]];
If you want to find the maximum x and y values, you just need to loop through the array keeping track of the largest value you've found so far.
var maxX, maxY;
for (var i=0; i < myData.length; i++) {
if (myData[i][0] > maxX || !maxX) {
maxX = myData[i][0];
}
if (myData[i][1] > maxY || !maxY) {
maxY = myData[i][1];
}
}
Here's a simple demo: http://jsfiddle.net/LAbvj/
EDIT: Ok, so I think what you are now asking for is the maximum for each axis. In that case, this is simple:
var plot1 = $.jqplot('chart1', [
[3, 7, 19, 1, 4, 6, 8, 2, 5]
]);
console.log(plot1.axes.xaxis.max);
console.log(plot1.axes.yaxis.max);
See demo: http://jsfiddle.net/KJTRF/