How can I convert JSON to CSV?
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1871524
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I have a JSON file that I want to covert to a CSV file. How can I do this with Python?
I tried:
import json
import csv
f = open('data.json')
data = json.load(f)
f.close()
f = open('data.csv')
csv_file = csv.writer(f)
for item in data:
f.writerow(item)
f.close()
However, it did not work. I am using Django and the error I received is:
file' object has no attribute 'writerow'
So, then I tried the following:
import json
import csv
f = open('data.json')
data = json.load(f)
f.close()
f = open('data.csv')
csv_file = csv.writer(f)
for item in data:
csv_file.writerow(item)
f.close()
I then get the error:
sequence expected
Sample json file:
[
{
"pk": 22,
"model": "auth.permission",
"fields": {
"codename": "add_logentry",
"name": "Can add log entry",
"content_type": 8
}
},
{
"pk": 23,
"model": "auth.permission",
"fields": {
"codename": "change_logentry",
"name": "Can change log entry",
"content_type": 8
}
},
{
"pk": 24,
"model": "auth.permission",
"fields": {
"codename": "delete_logentry",
"name": "Can delete log entry",
"content_type": 8
}
},
{
"pk": 4,
"model": "auth.permission",
"fields": {
"codename": "add_group",
"name": "Can add group",
"content_type": 2
}
},
{
"pk": 10,
"model": "auth.permission",
"fields": {
"codename": "add_message",
"name": "Can add message",
"content_type": 4
}
}
]
No correct solution
OTHER TIPS
I am not sure this question is solved already or not, but let me paste what I have done for reference.
First, your JSON has nested objects, so it normally cannot be directly converted to CSV. You need to change that to something like this:
{
"pk": 22,
"model": "auth.permission",
"codename": "add_logentry",
"content_type": 8,
"name": "Can add log entry"
},
......]
Here is my code to generate CSV from that:
import csv
import json
x = """[
{
"pk": 22,
"model": "auth.permission",
"fields": {
"codename": "add_logentry",
"name": "Can add log entry",
"content_type": 8
}
},
{
"pk": 23,
"model": "auth.permission",
"fields": {
"codename": "change_logentry",
"name": "Can change log entry",
"content_type": 8
}
},
{
"pk": 24,
"model": "auth.permission",
"fields": {
"codename": "delete_logentry",
"name": "Can delete log entry",
"content_type": 8
}
}
]"""
x = json.loads(x)
f = csv.writer(open("test.csv", "wb+"))
# Write CSV Header, If you dont need that, remove this line
f.writerow(["pk", "model", "codename", "name", "content_type"])
for x in x:
f.writerow([x["pk"],
x["model"],
x["fields"]["codename"],
x["fields"]["name"],
x["fields"]["content_type"]])
You will get output as:
pk,model,codename,name,content_type
22,auth.permission,add_logentry,Can add log entry,8
23,auth.permission,change_logentry,Can change log entry,8
24,auth.permission,delete_logentry,Can delete log entry,8
With the pandas library, this is as easy as using two commands!
pandas.read_json()
To convert a JSON string to a pandas object (either a series or dataframe). Then, assuming the results were stored as df:
df.to_csv()
Which can either return a string or write directly to a csv-file.
Based on the verbosity of previous answers, we should all thank pandas for the shortcut.
I am assuming that your JSON file will decode into a list of dictionaries. First we need a function which will flatten the JSON objects:
def flattenjson( b, delim ):
val = {}
for i in b.keys():
if isinstance( b[i], dict ):
get = flattenjson( b[i], delim )
for j in get.keys():
val[ i + delim + j ] = get[j]
else:
val[i] = b[i]
return val
The result of running this snippet on your JSON object:
flattenjson( {
"pk": 22,
"model": "auth.permission",
"fields": {
"codename": "add_message",
"name": "Can add message",
"content_type": 8
}
}, "__" )
is
{
"pk": 22,
"model": "auth.permission',
"fields__codename": "add_message",
"fields__name": "Can add message",
"fields__content_type": 8
}
After applying this function to each dict in the input array of JSON objects:
input = map( lambda x: flattenjson( x, "__" ), input )
and finding the relevant column names:
columns = [ x for row in input for x in row.keys() ]
columns = list( set( columns ) )
it's not hard to run this through the csv module:
with open( fname, 'wb' ) as out_file:
csv_w = csv.writer( out_file )
csv_w.writerow( columns )
for i_r in input:
csv_w.writerow( map( lambda x: i_r.get( x, "" ), columns ) )
I hope this helps!
JSON can represent a wide variety of data structures -- a JS "object" is roughly like a Python dict (with string keys), a JS "array" roughly like a Python list, and you can nest them as long as the final "leaf" elements are numbers or strings.
CSV can essentially represent only a 2-D table -- optionally with a first row of "headers", i.e., "column names", which can make the table interpretable as a list of dicts, instead of the normal interpretation, a list of lists (again, "leaf" elements can be numbers or strings).
So, in the general case, you can't translate an arbitrary JSON structure to a CSV. In a few special cases you can (array of arrays with no further nesting; arrays of objects which all have exactly the same keys). Which special case, if any, applies to your problem? The details of the solution depend on which special case you do have. Given the astonishing fact that you don't even mention which one applies, I suspect you may not have considered the constraint, neither usable case in fact applies, and your problem is impossible to solve. But please do clarify!
A generic solution which translates any json list of flat objects to csv.
Pass the input.json file as first argument on command line.
import csv, json, sys
input = open(sys.argv[1])
data = json.load(input)
input.close()
output = csv.writer(sys.stdout)
output.writerow(data[0].keys()) # header row
for row in data:
output.writerow(row.values())
This code should work for you, assuming that your JSON data is in a file called data.json.
import json
import csv
with open("data.json") as file:
data = json.load(file)
with open("data.csv", "w") as file:
csv_file = csv.writer(file)
for item in data:
fields = list(item['fields'].values())
csv_file.writerow([item['pk'], item['model']] + fields)
It'll be easy to use csv.DictWriter(),the detailed implementation can be like this:
def read_json(filename):
return json.loads(open(filename).read())
def write_csv(data,filename):
with open(filename, 'w+') as outf:
writer = csv.DictWriter(outf, data[0].keys())
writer.writeheader()
for row in data:
writer.writerow(row)
# implement
write_csv(read_json('test.json'), 'output.csv')
Note that this assumes that all of your JSON objects have the same fields.
Here is the reference which may help you.
I was having trouble with Dan's proposed solution, but this worked for me:
import json
import csv
f = open('test.json')
data = json.load(f)
f.close()
f=csv.writer(open('test.csv','wb+'))
for item in data:
f.writerow([item['pk'], item['model']] + item['fields'].values())
Where "test.json" contained the following:
[
{"pk": 22, "model": "auth.permission", "fields":
{"codename": "add_logentry", "name": "Can add log entry", "content_type": 8 } },
{"pk": 23, "model": "auth.permission", "fields":
{"codename": "change_logentry", "name": "Can change log entry", "content_type": 8 } }, {"pk": 24, "model": "auth.permission", "fields":
{"codename": "delete_logentry", "name": "Can delete log entry", "content_type": 8 } }
]
As mentioned in the previous answers the difficulty in converting json to csv is because a json file can contain nested dictionaries and therefore be a multidimensional data structure verses a csv which is a 2D data structure. However, a good way to turn a multidimensional structure to a csv is to have multiple csvs that tie together with primary keys.
In your example, the first csv output has the columns "pk","model","fields" as your columns. Values for "pk", and "model" are easy to get but because the "fields" column contains a dictionary, it should be its own csv and because "codename" appears to the be the primary key, you can use as the input for "fields" to complete the first csv. The second csv contains the dictionary from the "fields" column with codename as the the primary key that can be used to tie the 2 csvs together.
Here is a solution for your json file which converts a nested dictionaries to 2 csvs.
import csv
import json
def readAndWrite(inputFileName, primaryKey=""):
input = open(inputFileName+".json")
data = json.load(input)
input.close()
header = set()
if primaryKey != "":
outputFileName = inputFileName+"-"+primaryKey
if inputFileName == "data":
for i in data:
for j in i["fields"].keys():
if j not in header:
header.add(j)
else:
outputFileName = inputFileName
for i in data:
for j in i.keys():
if j not in header:
header.add(j)
with open(outputFileName+".csv", 'wb') as output_file:
fieldnames = list(header)
writer = csv.DictWriter(output_file, fieldnames, delimiter=',', quotechar='"')
writer.writeheader()
for x in data:
row_value = {}
if primaryKey == "":
for y in x.keys():
yValue = x.get(y)
if type(yValue) == int or type(yValue) == bool or type(yValue) == float or type(yValue) == list:
row_value[y] = str(yValue).encode('utf8')
elif type(yValue) != dict:
row_value[y] = yValue.encode('utf8')
else:
if inputFileName == "data":
row_value[y] = yValue["codename"].encode('utf8')
readAndWrite(inputFileName, primaryKey="codename")
writer.writerow(row_value)
elif primaryKey == "codename":
for y in x["fields"].keys():
yValue = x["fields"].get(y)
if type(yValue) == int or type(yValue) == bool or type(yValue) == float or type(yValue) == list:
row_value[y] = str(yValue).encode('utf8')
elif type(yValue) != dict:
row_value[y] = yValue.encode('utf8')
writer.writerow(row_value)
readAndWrite("data")
I know it has been a long time since this question has been asked but I thought I might add to everyone else's answer and share a blog post that I think explain the solution in a very concise way.
Here is the link
Open a file for writing
employ_data = open('/tmp/EmployData.csv', 'w')
Create the csv writer object
csvwriter = csv.writer(employ_data)
count = 0
for emp in emp_data:
if count == 0:
header = emp.keys()
csvwriter.writerow(header)
count += 1
csvwriter.writerow(emp.values())
Make sure to close the file in order to save the contents
employ_data.close()
This works relatively well. It flattens the json to write it to a csv file. Nested elements are managed :)
That's for python 3
import json
o = json.loads('your json string') # Be careful, o must be a list, each of its objects will make a line of the csv.
def flatten(o, k='/'):
global l, c_line
if isinstance(o, dict):
for key, value in o.items():
flatten(value, k + '/' + key)
elif isinstance(o, list):
for ov in o:
flatten(ov, '')
elif isinstance(o, str):
o = o.replace('\r',' ').replace('\n',' ').replace(';', ',')
if not k in l:
l[k]={}
l[k][c_line]=o
def render_csv(l):
ftime = True
for i in range(100): #len(l[list(l.keys())[0]])
for k in l:
if ftime :
print('%s;' % k, end='')
continue
v = l[k]
try:
print('%s;' % v[i], end='')
except:
print(';', end='')
print()
ftime = False
i = 0
def json_to_csv(object_list):
global l, c_line
l = {}
c_line = 0
for ov in object_list : # Assumes json is a list of objects
flatten(ov)
c_line += 1
render_csv(l)
json_to_csv(o)
enjoy.
My simple way to solve this:
Create a new Python file like: json_to_csv.py
Add this code:
import csv, json, sys
#if you are not using utf-8 files, remove the next line
sys.setdefaultencoding("UTF-8")
#check if you pass the input file and output file
if sys.argv[1] is not None and sys.argv[2] is not None:
fileInput = sys.argv[1]
fileOutput = sys.argv[2]
inputFile = open(fileInput)
outputFile = open(fileOutput, 'w')
data = json.load(inputFile)
inputFile.close()
output = csv.writer(outputFile)
output.writerow(data[0].keys()) # header row
for row in data:
output.writerow(row.values())
After add this code, save the file and run at the terminal:
python json_to_csv.py input.txt output.csv
I hope this help you.
SEEYA!
It is not a very smart way to do it, but I have had the same problem and this worked for me:
import csv
f = open('data.json')
data = json.load(f)
f.close()
new_data = []
for i in data:
flat = {}
names = i.keys()
for n in names:
try:
if len(i[n].keys()) > 0:
for ii in i[n].keys():
flat[n+"_"+ii] = i[n][ii]
except:
flat[n] = i[n]
new_data.append(flat)
f = open(filename, "r")
writer = csv.DictWriter(f, new_data[0].keys())
writer.writeheader()
for row in new_data:
writer.writerow(row)
f.close()
Modified Alec McGail's answer to support JSON with lists inside
def flattenjson(self, mp, delim="|"):
ret = []
if isinstance(mp, dict):
for k in mp.keys():
csvs = self.flattenjson(mp[k], delim)
for csv in csvs:
ret.append(k + delim + csv)
elif isinstance(mp, list):
for k in mp:
csvs = self.flattenjson(k, delim)
for csv in csvs:
ret.append(csv)
else:
ret.append(mp)
return ret
Thanks!
import json,csv
t=''
t=(type('a'))
json_data = []
data = None
write_header = True
item_keys = []
try:
with open('kk.json') as json_file:
json_data = json_file.read()
data = json.loads(json_data)
except Exception as e:
print( e)
with open('bar.csv', 'at') as csv_file:
writer = csv.writer(csv_file)#, quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)
for item in data:
item_values = []
for key in item:
if write_header:
item_keys.append(key)
value = item.get(key, '')
if (type(value)==t):
item_values.append(value.encode('utf-8'))
else:
item_values.append(value)
if write_header:
writer.writerow(item_keys)
write_header = False
writer.writerow(item_values)
Try this
import csv, json, sys
input = open(sys.argv[1])
data = json.load(input)
input.close()
output = csv.writer(sys.stdout)
output.writerow(data[0].keys()) # header row
for item in data:
output.writerow(item.values())
This code works for any given json file
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Mon Jun 17 20:35:35 2019
author: Ram
"""
import json
import csv
with open("file1.json") as file:
data = json.load(file)
# create the csv writer object
pt_data1 = open('pt_data1.csv', 'w')
csvwriter = csv.writer(pt_data1)
count = 0
for pt in data:
if count == 0:
header = pt.keys()
csvwriter.writerow(header)
count += 1
csvwriter.writerow(pt.values())
pt_data1.close()
Alec's answer is great, but it doesn't work in the case where there are multiple levels of nesting. Here's a modified version that supports multiple levels of nesting. It also makes the header names a bit nicer if the nested object already specifies its own key (e.g. Firebase Analytics / BigTable / BigQuery data):
"""Converts JSON with nested fields into a flattened CSV file.
"""
import sys
import json
import csv
import os
import jsonlines
from orderedset import OrderedSet
# from https://stackoverflow.com/a/28246154/473201
def flattenjson( b, prefix='', delim='/', val=None ):
if val == None:
val = {}
if isinstance( b, dict ):
for j in b.keys():
flattenjson(b[j], prefix + delim + j, delim, val)
elif isinstance( b, list ):
get = b
for j in range(len(get)):
key = str(j)
# If the nested data contains its own key, use that as the header instead.
if isinstance( get[j], dict ):
if 'key' in get[j]:
key = get[j]['key']
flattenjson(get[j], prefix + delim + key, delim, val)
else:
val[prefix] = b
return val
def main(argv):
if len(argv) < 2:
raise Error('Please specify a JSON file to parse')
filename = argv[1]
allRows = []
fieldnames = OrderedSet()
with jsonlines.open(filename) as reader:
for obj in reader:
#print obj
flattened = flattenjson(obj)
#print 'keys: %s' % flattened.keys()
fieldnames.update(flattened.keys())
allRows.append(flattened)
outfilename = filename + '.csv'
with open(outfilename, 'w') as file:
csvwriter = csv.DictWriter(file, fieldnames=fieldnames)
csvwriter.writeheader()
for obj in allRows:
csvwriter.writerow(obj)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main(sys.argv)
Since the data appears to be in a dictionary format, it would appear that you should actually use csv.DictWriter() to actually output the lines with the appropriate header information. This should allow the conversion to be handled somewhat easier. The fieldnames parameter would then set up the order properly while the output of the first line as the headers would allow it to be read and processed later by csv.DictReader().
For example, Mike Repass used
output = csv.writer(sys.stdout)
output.writerow(data[0].keys()) # header row
for row in data:
output.writerow(row.values())
However just change the initial setup to output = csv.DictWriter(filesetting, fieldnames=data[0].keys())
Note that since the order of elements in a dictionary is not defined, you might have to create fieldnames entries explicitly. Once you do that, the writerow will work. The writes then work as originally shown.
Unfortunately I have not enouthg reputation to make a small contribution to the amazing @Alec McGail answer. I was using Python3 and I have needed to convert the map to a list following the @Alexis R comment.
Additionaly I have found the csv writer was adding a extra CR to the file (I have a empty line for each line with data inside the csv file). The solution was very easy following the @Jason R. Coombs answer to this thread: CSV in Python adding an extra carriage return
You need to simply add the lineterminator='\n' parameter to the csv.writer. It will be: csv_w = csv.writer( out_file, lineterminator='\n' )
Surprisingly, I found that none of the answers posted here so far correctly deal with all possible scenarios (e.g., nested dicts, nested lists, None values, etc).
This solution should work across all scenarios:
def flatten_json(json):
def process_value(keys, value, flattened):
if isinstance(value, dict):
for key in value.keys():
process_value(keys + [key], value[key], flattened)
elif isinstance(value, list):
for idx, v in enumerate(value):
process_value(keys + [str(idx)], v, flattened)
else:
flattened['__'.join(keys)] = value
flattened = {}
for key in json.keys():
process_value([key], json[key], flattened)
return flattened
You can use this code to convert a json file to csv file After reading the file, I am converting the object to pandas dataframe and then saving this to a CSV file
import os
import pandas as pd
import json
import numpy as np
data = []
os.chdir('D:\\Your_directory\\folder')
with open('file_name.json', encoding="utf8") as data_file:
for line in data_file:
data.append(json.loads(line))
dataframe = pd.DataFrame(data)
## Saving the dataframe to a csv file
dataframe.to_csv("filename.csv", encoding='utf-8',index= False)
I might be late to the party, but I think, I have dealt with the similar problem. I had a json file which looked like this
I only wanted to extract few keys/values from these json file. So, I wrote the following code to extract the same.
"""json_to_csv.py
This script reads n numbers of json files present in a folder and then extract certain data from each file and write in a csv file.
The folder contains the python script i.e. json_to_csv.py, output.csv and another folder descriptions containing all the json files.
"""
import os
import json
import csv
def get_list_of_json_files():
"""Returns the list of filenames of all the Json files present in the folder
Parameter
---------
directory : str
'descriptions' in this case
Returns
-------
list_of_files: list
List of the filenames of all the json files
"""
list_of_files = os.listdir('descriptions') # creates list of all the files in the folder
return list_of_files
def create_list_from_json(jsonfile):
"""Returns a list of the extracted items from json file in the same order we need it.
Parameter
_________
jsonfile : json
The json file containing the data
Returns
-------
one_sample_list : list
The list of the extracted items needed for the final csv
"""
with open(jsonfile) as f:
data = json.load(f)
data_list = [] # create an empty list
# append the items to the list in the same order.
data_list.append(data['_id'])
data_list.append(data['_modelType'])
data_list.append(data['creator']['_id'])
data_list.append(data['creator']['name'])
data_list.append(data['dataset']['_accessLevel'])
data_list.append(data['dataset']['_id'])
data_list.append(data['dataset']['description'])
data_list.append(data['dataset']['name'])
data_list.append(data['meta']['acquisition']['image_type'])
data_list.append(data['meta']['acquisition']['pixelsX'])
data_list.append(data['meta']['acquisition']['pixelsY'])
data_list.append(data['meta']['clinical']['age_approx'])
data_list.append(data['meta']['clinical']['benign_malignant'])
data_list.append(data['meta']['clinical']['diagnosis'])
data_list.append(data['meta']['clinical']['diagnosis_confirm_type'])
data_list.append(data['meta']['clinical']['melanocytic'])
data_list.append(data['meta']['clinical']['sex'])
data_list.append(data['meta']['unstructured']['diagnosis'])
# In few json files, the race was not there so using KeyError exception to add '' at the place
try:
data_list.append(data['meta']['unstructured']['race'])
except KeyError:
data_list.append("") # will add an empty string in case race is not there.
data_list.append(data['name'])
return data_list
def write_csv():
"""Creates the desired csv file
Parameters
__________
list_of_files : file
The list created by get_list_of_json_files() method
result.csv : csv
The csv file containing the header only
Returns
_______
result.csv : csv
The desired csv file
"""
list_of_files = get_list_of_json_files()
for file in list_of_files:
row = create_list_from_json(f'descriptions/{file}') # create the row to be added to csv for each file (json-file)
with open('output.csv', 'a') as c:
writer = csv.writer(c)
writer.writerow(row)
c.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
write_csv()
I hope this will help. For details on how this code work you can check here
