I could fix this by using:
[progressIndicator setUsesThreadedAnimation:NO];
So that the final code is:
...
if ([identifier isEqualToString:@"Progress"]) {
NSProgressIndicator* progressIndicator = (NSProgressIndicator*)cellView.nextKeyView;
NSString *stringPercentage = [dictionary objectForKey:@"Percentage"];
[[progressIndicator animator] setDoubleValue:[stringPercentage doubleValue]];
[progressIndicator setUsesThreadedAnimation:NO];
}
...