Analizzare una trascrizione numerata in XML
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9367413
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28-10-2019 - |
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Voglio costruire un raschietto che analizzi le trascrizioni da Leveson Inquiry, che sono nel seguente formato come testo in chiaro:
1 Thursday, 2 February 2012
2 (10.00 am)
3 LORD JUSTICE LEVESON: Good morning.
4 MR BARR: Good morning, sir. We're going to start today
5 with witnesses from the mobile phone companies,
6 Mr Blendis from Everything Everywhere, Mr Hughes from
7 Vodafone and Mr Gorham from Telefonica.
8 LORD JUSTICE LEVESON: Very good.
9 MR BARR: We're going to listen to them all together, sir.
10 Can I ask that the gentlemen are sworn in, please.
11 MR JAMES BLENDIS (affirmed)
12 MR ADRIAN GORHAM (sworn)
13 MR MARK HUGHES (sworn)
14 Questions by MR BARR
15 MR BARR: Can I start, please, Mr Hughes, with you. Could
16 you tell us the position that you hold and a little bit
17 about your professional background, please?
18 MR HUGHES: Yes, sure. I'm currently head of fraud risk and
19 security for Vodafone UK. I have been in that position
20 since August 2011 and I've worked in the fraud risk and
21 security department in Vodafone since October 2006.
22 Q. Mr Gorham, if I could ask you the same question, please.
23 MR GORHAM: I'm the head of fraud and security for
24 Telefonica O2, I've been in that role for ten years and
25 have been in the industry for 13.
1
Alla fine voglio creare un file XML strutturato come segue:
<hearing date="2012-02-02" time="10:00">
<quote speaker="Lord Justice Leveson" page="1" line="3">Good morning.</quote>
<quote speaker="Mr Barr" page="1" line="4">Good morning, sir. We're going to start today with witnesses from the mobile phone companies, Mr Blendis from Everything Everywhere, Mr Hughes from Vodafone and Mr Gorham from Telefonica.</quote>
<quote speaker="Lord Justice Leveson" page="1" line="8">Very good.</quote>
[... and on ...]
</hearing>
...Qualsiasi aiuto?
(Nota anche che "Mr Barr:" cambia semplicemente "Q." A un certo punto.)
Grazie molto!
Soluzione
Vorrei iniziare dicendo che questa non è una sceneggiatura infallibile, potrebbe esserci qualcosa che ho dimenticato o trascurato, ma è una prova del concetto per migliorare ed espandersi o semplicemente avere un'idea.
Ci sono abbastanza regolarità nel layout del testo con cui lavorare, ciò che lo script fa è dividere la trascrizione in una serie di linee e abbinare tali linee contro alcuni schemi nel tentativo di identificare le regolarità e determinare il ruolo dei dati.
Esempio di script:
<?php
/*
Proof of Concept : Transcript to XML by Robjong
? :
- action on date change (what to do when the date changes?)
- what to do with lines like "MR MARK HUGHES (sworn)" (make it a note?!)
- what to do with lines like "Questions by MR BARR" (make it a note?!)
- detect events/notes in quotes better? (e.g: MR BLENDIS: (Nods head).)
Notes :
- desperately needs error checking/handling!!!! (for now it just got in the way)
- it might well be that the configuration of PHP will cause file_get_contents to fail,
try curl or download it manually and read the local file
- if you are running PHP < 5.2.4, change the \h in the pattern to \s or [\t ]
*/
# basic usage
// get the transcript as plain text
$txt = file_get_contents( 'http://www.levesoninquiry.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Transcript-of-Morning-Hearing-2-February-2012.txt' );
// convert transcript to XML
$xml = transcriptToXML_beta( $txt );
// we have the transcript as XML, now what?
file_put_contents( 'transcript.xml', $xml ); // let's write it to a file
echo $xml;
function transcriptToXML_beta( $string ) { // beta is just to emphasize lack of torough testing
$lines = explode( "\n", $string ); // split text into an array array of lines
if( !is_array( $lines ) ) { // the provided string was not multiline
return false;
}
// these vars will hold the data we need to build our XML
$date = ''; // the date of the transcript
$time = ''; // transcript time
$page = 1; // this will hold the current page number
$linenr = ''; // this will hold the line nr
$speaker = ''; // the name of the speaker
$text = ''; // transcribed text attributed to the speaker
$new = false; // will be true if a new item has been matched
$event = ''; // this will hold notes that are in a quote but need to be stored separately (events)
$xml = ''; // this will be the XML string
$i = 0; // count the lines to display actual line number for debugging
foreach( $lines as $line ) { // loop over lines
$i++;
if( !preg_match( "/[[:graph:]]/", $line ) ) { // line is empty, does not contain printable characters....
continue; // ....so we skip to the next one
}
if( preg_match( "/^\h*\d+\h+(?P<date>[a-z]+,\h+\d+\h+[a-z]+\h\d{4})\s*$/i", $line, $match ) ) { # it looks like a date
$date = $match['date']; // set date
$speaker = ''; // reset vars
$text = '';
continue;// no need to handle this line any further
} elseif( preg_match( "/^\h*\d+\h+([A-Z]+(?:\s+[A-Z]+){0,4}\h+\(.*?\)|(?i:questions\h+by)[A-Z\h]+)\s*$/", $line, $match ) ) { # (qued) event, uppercase text followed by text between parentheses
$event .= " <event page=\"{$page}\" line=\"{$linenr}\">{$match[1]}</event>\n"; // add entry to que, to be added after current quote
continue;// no need to handle this line any further
} elseif( preg_match( "/^\h*(\d*)\h*\(\h*(?P<time>\d{1,2}[:.]\d{1,2}\h*[ap]m)\)\s*$/i", $line, $match ) ) { # seems we have a time entry
$time = $match['time']; // set date
$xml .= " <time page=\"{$page}\" line=\"{$match[1]}\">" . strtoupper( str_replace( '.', ':', $match['time'] ) ) . "</time>\n"; // add time as entry
$speaker = ''; // reset vars
$text = '';
continue;// no need to handle this line any further
} elseif( preg_match( "/^\h*(\d+)\s*$/", $line, $match ) ) { # line has just one or more digits, we assume its a pagenr
if( $match[1] <= $page ) { // if the number is lower then the current page number ignore it, this avoids triggering errors for 'empty lines' that only have a line number
continue;
}
$page = (int) $match[1] + 1; // set pagenr, add one because the nr is at the bottom of the page
continue;// no need to handle this line any further
} elseif( preg_match( "/^\h*\d+\s+\(([[:print:]]+)\)\s*$/", $line, $match ) && !$speaker ) { # note, text is between parentheses
$xml .= " <event page=\"{$page}\" line=\"{$linenr}\">{$match[1]}</event>\n"; // add entry as note
continue;// no need to handle this line any further
} elseif( preg_match( "/^\h*\d+\h+[A-Z\h]+\(.*?\)\s*$/", $line, $match ) && !$speaker ) { # note, uppercase text followed by text between parentheses, only if not in quote
$xml .= " <event type=\"note\" speaker=\"\" page=\"{$page}\" line=\"{$linenr}\">{$match[1]}</event>\n"; // add entry as note
continue;// no need to handle this line any further
} elseif( preg_match("/^\h*(?P<linenr>\d+)\h+(?P<speaker>(?:\h[A-Z]+(?:\h[A-Z]+){0,4}))[:.]\h*(?P<text>[[:print:]]+?)\s*$/", $line, $match ) ) { # new speaker entry
if( $new && $speaker ) { // if we have one open we need to add it first
$xml .= " <entry type=\"quote\" speaker=\"{$speaker}\" page=\"{$page}\" line=\"{$linenr}\">$text</entry>\n"; // add quote
$new = false; // reset
if( $event ) { // if we have a qued note we need to add that too
$xml .= $event; // add entry to XML string
$event = ''; // clear 'que'
}
}
$speaker = trim( $match['speaker'] ); // assign match to speaker var
$linenr = (int) $match['linenr']; // assign line number
$text = trim( $match['text'] ); // assign text
$new = true; // set new match bool
} elseif( preg_match( "/^\h*(?P<linenr>\d+)\h+(?P<text>[[:print:]]+?)\s*$/", $line, $match ) ) { # follow up text
$text .= ' ' . trim( $match['text'] ); // append text
} else { # unkown line (add check for linenr only lines or remove $match[1] >= $page from the pagenr match conditional)
// not sure what kind of line this is... add it as a separate 'type'?!
trigger_error( "Unable to parse line {$i} \"{$line}\"" ); // throw exception / trigger error
continue; // no need to handle this line any further
}
if( !$new && $speaker ) {
$xml .= " <entry type=\"quote\" speaker=\"{$speaker}\" page=\"{$page}\" line=\"{$linenr}\">$text</entry>\n";
$speaker = ''; // reset vars
$text = '';
$new = false;
if( $event ) { // if we have a qued note we need to add that too
$xml .= $event; // add entry to XML string
$event = ''; // clear 'que'
}
}
}
// if we have a match open we need to handle it, this might happen because we do not assign the match in the same iteration as we matched it
if( $new ) {
$xml .= " <entry type=\"quote\" speaker=\"{$speaker}\" page=\"{$page}\" line=\"{$linenr}\">$text</entry>\n";
}
if( !trim( $xml ) ) { // no text found so $xml is still an empty string
return false;
}
$date = new DateTime( $date ); // instantiate datetime with the time from the transcript
$date = date( 'Y-m-d', $date->getTimestamp() ); // format date
// now we need to wrap the nodes in a root node
$xml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<hearing date=\"{$date}\">\n{$xml}</hearing>\n";
return $xml; // return the XML
}
?>
Aggiornerò i commenti e lo script più tardi oggi
Campione di output:
<hearing date="2012-02-02">
<time page="1" line="2">10:00 AM</time>
<entry type="quote" speaker="LORD JUSTICE LEVESON" page="1" line="3">Good morning.</entry>
<entry type="quote" speaker="MR BARR" page="1" line="4">Good morning, sir. We're going to start today with witnesses from the mobile phone companies, Mr Blendis from Everything Everywhere, Mr Hughes from Vodafone and Mr Gorham from Telefonica.</entry>
<entry type="quote" speaker="LORD JUSTICE LEVESON" page="1" line="8">Very good.</entry>
<entry type="quote" speaker="MR BARR" page="1" line="9">We're going to listen to them all together, sir. Can I ask that the gentlemen are sworn in, please.</entry>
<event page="1" line="9">MR JAMES BLENDIS (affirmed)</event>
<event page="1" line="9">MR ADRIAN GORHAM (sworn)</event>
<event page="1" line="9">MR MARK HUGHES (sworn)</event>
<event page="1" line="9">Questions by MR BARR</event>
BTW appena per curiosità, per cosa ti serve?
Altri suggerimenti
Questo è generalmente un problema molto difficile ed è lontano dall'ambito di StackOverflow. Detto questo, se dovessi farlo, adotto un approccio iterativo:
- Identifica le regolarità nel layout del testo e escogita una grammatica candidata.
- Scrivi un parser usando la grammatica; Il saggio sarebbe piuttosto severo e scartare (con messaggi di errore) tutto ciò che non corrispondeva.
- Eseguilo sull'intero testo
- Esamina l'output e i disallineamenti, rivedi la grammatica, identifica i casi speciali
- Torna al passaggio 3
Per quanto riguarda i dettagli di quei passaggi, solo tu puoi decidere se stai tirando fuori quello che vuoi. Inoltre, qualsiasi soluzione richiederà un intervento manuale, in anticipo o in seguito, per ripulire le incoerenze a bassa frequenza.
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