Ok, I solved it by myself (yes with some help of the referenced duplicate question). Using no jQuery:
function isElementVisible(element)
{
var posTop = 0;
var temp = element;
while (temp)
{
posTop += temp.offsetTop;
temp = temp.offsetParent;
}
var posBottom = posTop + element.offsetHeight;
var visibleTop = document.body.scrollTop;
var visibleBottom = visibleTop + window.innerHeight;
return ((posBottom >= visibleTop) && (posTop <= visibleBottom));
}
function onLinkClick(id)
{
var x = document.getElementById(id);
if (isElementVisible(x))
// prevent page to be scrolled up or down
event.preventDefault();
}