Try like
$(document).ready(function() {
var myLink = $(".question a");
if (myLink.hasClass('checked')) { //You can also use $(this).hasClass
$('.answer').show(300);
}
else {
$('.answer').hide(300);
}
});
If you want to change the status of link then call the same while your event triggered like
$(myLink).on('click',function(){
if ($(this).hasClass('checked')) {
$('.answer').show(300);
}
else {
$('.answer').hide(300);
}
});