It's not exactly the same but you should investigate the use of Android Intents. Android is already designed around a system of launching tasks having them stacked and the user being able to press the back button to get back to the calling app or site.
You can't check if Chrome is installed but you can force a url to be opened in Chrome from an app using intents, and you can't stop it from opening a tab if the users chooses so, but intents get you to a place that is close.