Its the similar way to configure in web.config or configure at IIS Website.
<authentication mode="Windows" />
<authorization>
<deny users="?" />
</authorization>
Above is sufficient for intranet application. For additional scenarios like providing additional claims transformation as well as mixed authentication, for ASP.NET application, you can use custom OWIN middleware handler.
Have a look at example of such WindowsPrincipalHandler. You need to register it in startup.cs like app.Use(typeof(WindowsPrincipalHandler))