I think fastest way would be to use sqlxml exist() method:
select
t.id
from Table1 as t
where t.contentXml.exist('node[@attr1 = @attr3]') = 1
It's also possible to do this with sqlxml value():
select
t.id
from Table1 as t
where
t.contentXml.value('(node/@attr1)[1]', 'varchar(max)') =
t.contentXml.value('(node/@attr3)[1]', 'varchar(max)')
But this one would be slower.