arm-none-eabi-g++ ignoring invalid character `#' in expression stm32f4

Question

I am constructing a makefile for the stm32f4 microconcroller that includes all the peripheral libraries and includes a syscalls (names newlib_stubs.cpp) of which redirects printf() to uart. before I start building all the sources into there own object file to be linked into an executable, I have written the makefile so that all sources are compiled in the one hit to prove that the makefile works at this stage but it doesn't work. This is the makefile:

 #name of application
TARGET = main
#name of target outputs
TARGET_ELF = $(TARGET).elf
TARGET_BIN = $(TARGET).bin
TARGET_HEX = $(TARGET).hex


# directories
CODE_DIR = code/
LIBRARY_DIR = library/
BUILD_DIR = build/
SOURCE_DIR = $(CODE_DIR)src/
STARTUP_DIR = $(LIBRARY_DIR)startup/
LINKER_DIR = $(LIBRARY_DIR)linker/
PERIPHERAL_DIR = $(LIBRARY_DIR)peripherals/
DEFAULT_DIR = $(LIBRARY_DIR)default/
OUTPUT_DIR = $(BUILD_DIR)output/
OBJECT_DIR = $(BUILD_DIR)objects/
#SOURCE_MAIN_DIR = $(CODE_DIR)src/
SOURCE_LIBRARY_DIR = $(PERIPHERAL_DIR)src/
SOURCE_PERIPHERAL_DIR = $(DEFAULT_DIR)src/

# files with paths attached
_C_FILES = $(wildcard $(SOURCE_DIR)*.c) # $(wildcard $(PERIPHERAL_DIR)src/*.c)
_C_DEFAULT_FILES = $(wildcard $(DEFAULT_DIR)src/*.c)
_C_PERIPHERAL_FILES = $(wildcard $(PERIPHERAL_DIR)src/*.c)
_CPP_FILES = $(wildcard $(SOURCE_DIR)*.cpp) # $(wildcard $(PERIPHERAL_DIR)src/*.cpp)
_CPP_DEFAULT_FILES = $(wildcard $(DEFAULT_DIR)src/*.cpp)
_CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES = $(wildcard $(PERIPHERAL_DIR)src/*.cpp)
_STA_FILES = $(wildcard $(STARTUP_DIR)*.s)
_SRC_FILES = $(_CPP_FILES) $(_C_FILES) $(_C_DEFAULT_FILES) $(_C_PERIPHERAL_FILES) $(_CPP_DEFAULT_FILES) $(_CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES) $(_STA_FILES)
_OBJ_FILES = $(addprefix $(OBJECT_DIR),$(notdir $(_CPP_FILES:.cpp=.o)))
_OBJ_FILES += $(addprefix $(OBJECT_DIR),$(notdir $(_C_FILES:.c=.o)))
_OBJ_FILES += $(addprefix $(OBJECT_DIR),$(notdir $(_CPP_DEFAULT_FILES:.cpp=.o)))
_OBJ_FILES += $(addprefix $(OBJECT_DIR),$(notdir $(_C_DEFAULT_FILES:.c=.o)))
_OBJ_FILES += $(addprefix $(OBJECT_DIR),$(notdir $(_CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES:.cpp=.o)))
_OBJ_FILES += $(addprefix $(OBJECT_DIR),$(notdir $(_C_PERIPHERAL_FILES:.c=.o)))
_OBJ_FILES += $(addprefix $(OBJECT_DIR),$(notdir $(_STA_FILES:.s=.o)))
_LNK_FILES = $(wildcard $(LINKER_DIR)*.ld)

#file names without paths
C_FILES = $(_C_FILES:$(SOURCE_DIR)%=%)
C_DEFAULT_FILES = $(_C_DEFAULT_FILES:$(DEFAULT_DIR)src/%=%)
C_PERIPHERAL_FILES = $(_C_PERIPHERAL_FILES:$(PERIPHERAL_DIR)src/%=%)
CPP_FILES = $(_CPP_FILES:$(SOURCE_DIR)%=%)
CPP_DEFAULT_FILES = $(_CPP_DEFAULT_FILES:$(DEFAULT_DIR)src/%=%)
CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES = $(_CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES:$(PERIPHERAL_DIR)src/%=%)
STA_FILES = $(_STA_FILES:$(STARTUP_DIR)%=%)
SRC_FILES = $(CPP_FILES) $(C_FILES) $(STA_FILES) $(C_DEFAULT_FILES) $(C_PERIPHERAL_FILES)
SRC_FILES += $(CPP_DEFAULT_FILES) $(CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES)
OBJ_FILES = $(_OBJ_FILES:$(OBJECT_DIR)%=%)

#include directories
HEADERS = $(CODE_DIR)inc/
HEADERS += $(LIBRARY_DIR)default/inc/
HEADERS += $(LIBRARY_DIR)peripherals/inc/
HEADERS += 
HEADERS += 
HEADERS += 
HEADERS += 
HEADERS += 
HEADERS += 
HEADERS += 


LIB_PATH =





#libraries to link



# Tool configuration
TOOLCHAIN = arm-none-eabi-
CC = $(TOOLCHAIN)gcc
CXX = $(TOOLCHAIN)g++
AS = $(TOOLCHAIN)gcc
LD = $(TOOLCHAIN)gcc
OBJCOPY = $(TOOLCHAIN)objcopy

# Architecture configuration
ARCH_FLAGS=-mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 

# gcc compiler flags
CFLAGS += -O0 -ggdb3
CFLAGS += $(ARCH_FLAGS)
CFLAGS += -flto
CFLAGS += -ffunction-sections
CFLAGS +=  -fdata-sections
CFLAGS += $(foreach i, $(HEADERS), -I$(i))

# g++ compiler flags
CXXFLAGS = $(CFLAGS)
CXXFLAGS += -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions
CXXFLAGS += -std=c++11

# Flags for gcc as linker
LDFLAGS=$(ARCH_FLAGS)
LDFLAGS+=-Wl,--gc-sections
LDFLAGS+=$(foreach i, $(HEADERS), -L$(i))
LDFLAGS+=-T $(LDSCRIPT)









#.PHONY print

all:
    $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(_SRC_FILES) -o $(TARGET_ELF)

print:
    @echo name of application:
    @echo TARGET = $(TARGET)
    @echo name of target outputs
    @echo TARGET_ELF = $(TARGET_ELF)
    @echo TARGET_BIN = $(TARGET_BIN)
    @echo TARGET_HEX = $(TARGET_HEX)
    @echo
    @echo directories
    @echo CODE_DIR = $(CODE_DIR)
    @echo LIBRARY_DIR = $(LIBRARY_DIR)
    @echo BUILD_DIR = $(BUILD_DIR)
    @echo SOURCE_DIR = $(SOURCE_DIR)
    @echo STARTUP_DIR = $(STARTUP_DIR)
    @echo LINKER_DIR = $(LINKER_DIR)
    @echo OUTPUT_DIR = $(OUTPUT_DIR)
    @echo OBJECT_DIR = $(OBJECT_DIR)
    @echo
    @echo files with paths attached:
    @echo _C_FILES = $(_C_FILES)
    @echo _C_DEFAULT_FILES = $(_C_DEFAULT_FILES)
    @echo _C_PERIPHERAL_FILES = $(_C_PERIPHERAL_FILES)
    @echo _CPP_FILES = $(_CPP_FILES)
    @echo _CPP_DEFAULT_FILES = $(_CPP_DEFAULT_FILES)
    @echo _CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES = $(_CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES)
    @echo _STA_FILES = $(_STA_FILES)
    @echo _SRC_FILES = $(_SRC_FILES)
    @echo _OBJ_FILES = $(_OBJ_FILES)
    @echo _LNK_FILES = $(_LNK_FILES)
    @echo
    @echo C_FILES = $(C_FILES)
    @echo C_DEFAULT_FILES = $(C_DEFAULT_FILES)
    @echo C_PERIPHERAL_FILES = $(C_PERIPHERAL_FILES)
    @echo CPP_FILES = $(CPP_FILES)
    @echo CPP_DEFAULT_FILES = $(CPP_DEFAULT_FILES)
    @echo CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES = $(CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES)
    @echo STA_FILES = $(STA_FILES)
    @echo SRC_FILES = $(SRC_FILES)
    @echo OBJ_FILES = $(OBJ_FILES)

The Source for this project can be found here: https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/32204435/stm324f-discovery_template_28Dec2013.zip

This is the output I receive from the compiler:

    nicholas@ASUS-G74Sx:~/Development/github/stm324f-discovery_template$ make
arm-none-eabi-g++ -O0 -ggdb3 -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16  -flto -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections  -Icode/inc/  -Ilibrary/default/inc/  -Ilibrary/peripherals/inc/ -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions -std=c++11 -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16  -Wl,--gc-sections  -Lcode/inc/  -Llibrary/default/inc/  -Llibrary/peripherals/inc/ -T  code/src/main.cpp    library/default/src/stm32f4_discovery.c library/peripherals/src/misc.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_adc.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_can.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_crc.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_cryp_aes.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_cryp.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_cryp_des.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_cryp_tdes.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_dac.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_dbgmcu.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_dcmi.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_dma.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_exti.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_flash.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_fsmc.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_gpio.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_hash.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_hash_md5.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_hash_sha1.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_i2c.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_iwdg.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_pwr.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_rcc.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_rng.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_rtc.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_sdio.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_spi.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_syscfg.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_tim.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_usart.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_wwdg.c library/default/src/newlib_stubs.cpp library/default/src/stm32f4xx_it.cpp library/default/src/system_stm32f4xx.cpp  library/startup/startup_stm32f4xx.s -o main.elf
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.8.3/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld:code/src/main.cpp:23: ignoring invalid character `#' in expression
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.8.3/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld:code/src/main.cpp:23: syntax error
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [all] Error 1
nicholas@ASUS-G74Sx:~/Development/github/stm324f-discovery_template$

main.cpp lines 0 to 30:

/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    main.c 
  * @author  MCD Application Team
  * @version V1.0.0
  * @date    18-April-2011
  * @brief   Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * THE PRESENT FIRMWARE WHICH IS FOR GUIDANCE ONLY AIMS AT PROVIDING CUSTOMERS
  * WITH CODING INFORMATION REGARDING THEIR PRODUCTS IN ORDER FOR THEM TO SAVE
  * TIME. AS A RESULT, STMICROELECTRONICS SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR ANY
  * DIRECT, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WITH RESPECT TO ANY CLAIMS ARISING
  * FROM THE CONTENT OF SUCH FIRMWARE AND/OR THE USE MADE BY CUSTOMERS OF THE
  * CODING INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IN CONNECTION WITH THEIR PRODUCTS.
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; COPYRIGHT 2011 STMicroelectronics</center></h2>
  ******************************************************************************  
  */ 

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "stm32f4xx.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_rcc.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_gpio.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_tim.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_syscfg.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_exti.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_dma.h"
#include "misc.h"
...

I can't identify any errors within the main.cpp file which is where they seem to be coming from.

What is casing this error and how can it be fixed?

Answer 1

Your Makefile sets LDFLAGS+=-T $(LDSCRIPT) but doesn't define $LDSCRIPT. This results in g++ -T {nothing here} main.cpp ... being called, so the linker assumes main.cpp is the script. Try removing the LDFLAGS+=-T $(LDSCRIPT) from the Makefile.