If anybody encounters the same problem, here is a solution that could help: Looks like Tomcat (the servlet container of JBoss) always converts null values, thus empty input field values to zero, if the field is bound to a Number instance. But zero obviously less then the given contraint (min 1), so persisting the entity generates an exception.
Setting the following JVM option fixes the problem:
-Dorg.apache.el.parser.COERCE_TO_ZERO=false