You are right with the axes in the second example but you need to specify a dimension by which to split your series in the first parameter of the addSeries method. Dimple will draw a bubble for every unique value in the field specified, so to draw the bubbles in the first example you can pass your x dimension.
If you had Price on X and Cost on Y it would look like:
chart.addMeasureAxis("x", "Price");
chart.addMeasureAxis("y", "Cost");
chart.addSeries("Price", dimple.plot.bubble);
chart.draw();
You'll get a bubble for every distinct x value. If there are instances where you have 2 Y values for a single X value and you don't wish to aggregate them you could pass both dimensions to the series:
chart.addMeasureAxis("x", "Price");
chart.addMeasureAxis("y", "Cost");
chart.addSeries(["Price", "Cost"], dimple.plot.bubble);
chart.draw();
This will draw a bubble for every unique combination of Cost and Price. You could also use any other dimension in your data as well/instead.