NumberFormat has nothing out of the box for your use case.
A possible solution I could come up with is this:
Currency currency = Currency.getInstance(currentLocale);
String symbol = currency.getSymbol();
if(string.startsWith(symbol) || string.endsWith(symbol)){
System.out.println("valid");
}else{
System.out.println("invalid");
}
But then you still need to check if the rest of the string can be parsed to a number.
Therefore I recommend to have a look at Apache Commons Currency Validator, it may fit your needs:
@Test
public void test() {
BigDecimalValidator validator = CurrencyValidator.getInstance();
BigDecimal amount = validator.validate("$123.00", Locale.US);
assertNotNull(amount);
//remove the brackets since this is something unusual
String in = "$(123.00)".replaceAll("\\(", "").replace(')', ' ').trim();
amount = validator.validate(in, Locale.US);
assertNotNull(amount);
amount = validator.validate("invalid", Locale.US);
assertNull(amount);
}