One way is to get the start line position of the start and the end of the paragraph and compare them:
TextPointer contentStart = _richTextBox.Document.ContentStart;
TextPointer contentEnd = _richTextBox.Document.ContentEnd;
while (true)
{
var tpStart = contentStart.GetLineStartPosition(0);
var tpEnd = contentEnd.GetLineStartPosition(0);
var offset = tpStart.GetOffsetToPosition(tpEnd);
if (offset != 0)
{
_richTextBox.FontSize -= 1; // at least two lines
}
else
{
break; // one line
}
}