Yes the REST API is also possible for the Windows Server install of Service Bus. And don't forget the 3rd one; AMQP ! ;)
The REST API reference: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh780717.aspx An example on StackOverflow: Not able to use REST API for Service Bus for Windows Server 1.1 (OnPremises)
It's mostly the security that is different from the 'Cloud version of Service Bus'