The DITA DTDs as provided by OASIS include an XML catalog used to resolve the public IDs. If you are using the DTDs as packaged with the DITA Open Toolkit the catalog is the file catalog-dita.xml in the root of the OT distribution. If it is some other package then you'll have to look around for the catalog.
I'm not familiar with .net XML processing but there must be some way to use catalogs when parsing XML, comparable to the Apache resolver.jar classes.
Cheers,
Eliot