No, by design with contracts the source app doesn't know anything about the selected target, so there's not a mechanism to selectively change the source data depending on the target. In the case of the Twitter app, it shows all that text, yes, but won't allow you to tweet until you cut it down to the right size. The challenge in the Twitter app, of course, is that it gives you a really small area in which to view that text, and clearly there could be a better design in its Share target pane. That'd be good feedback to give Twitter in ratings & reviews.
I'm guessing by how you phrased the question that your source app is sharing a whole article (and ideally also setting the contentSourceApplicationLink
property in the data package), and that you don't necessarily have a way for the user to select just a portion of that article. If that's the case, you could consider enabling the user to choose what kind of data to share and automatically invoke the Share charm in response to those commands. For example, they might choose to share just a link (using the data package's setWebLink method), or to share a summary, or a summary + shortened URI...basically to adapt your content for different possible targets in a generic way. After all, people might prefer this kind of behavior even for Facebook, email, and other targets, so providing some ability to control what's shared, either by selection or other types of commands, might be the best approach.