I was close before...I just needed to re-insert the slashes using gsub
in order for the GET request to work... so the result was
response <- GET(url=paste0("https://api-content.dropbox.com/1/files/dropbox/",gsub("%2F","/",curlEscape(db.file.name))),config=c(db.sig,add_headers(Accept="x-dropbox-metadata")))