Bash قراءة/كتابة واصفات الملفات - تسعى لبدء الملف

Question

حاولت استخدام واصف ملف القراءة/الكتابة في باش حتى أتمكن من حذف الملف الذي أشار إليه واصف الملف بعد ذلك ، على هذا النحو:

F=$(mktemp)
exec 3<> "$F"
rm -f "$F"

echo "Hello world" >&3
cat <&3

لكن ال cat لا يعطي الأمر أي إخراج. يمكنني تحقيق ما أريد إذا استخدمت واصفات ملفات منفصلة للقراءة والكتابة:

F=$(mktemp)
exec 3> "$F"
exec 4< "$F"
rm -f "$F"

echo "Hello world" >&3
cat <&4

الذي يطبع Hello world.

أظن أن Bash لا تسعى تلقائيًا إلى بدء واصف الملف عند التبديل من الكتابة إلى قراءته ، ويؤكد المزيج التالي من رمز Bash و Python هذا:

fdrw.sh

exec 3<> tmp
rm tmp

echo "Hello world" >&3
exec python fdrw.py

fdrw.py

import os  

f = os.fdopen(3)
print f.tell()
print f.read()

الذي يعطي:

$ bash fdrw.sh
12

$ # This is the prompt reappearing

هل هناك طريقة لتحقيق ما أريد فقط استخدام باش؟

Answer 1

No. bash does not have any concept of "seeking" with its redirection. It reads/writes (mostly) from beginning to end in one long stream.

Answer 2

If you ever do happen to want to seek on bash file descriptors, you can use a subprocess, since it inherits the file descriptors of the parent process. Here is an example C program to do this.

seekfd.c

#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    /* Arguments: fd [offset [whence]]
     * where
     * fd: file descriptor to seek
     * offset: number of bytes from position specified in whence
     * whence: one of
     *  SEEK_SET (==0): from start of file
     *  SEEK_CUR (==1): from current position
     *  SEEK_END (==2): from end of file
     */
    int fd;
    long long scan_offset = 0;
    off_t offset = 0;
    int whence = SEEK_SET;
    int errsv; int rv;
    if (argc == 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "usage: seekfd fd [offset [whence]]\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    if (argc >= 2) {
        if (sscanf(argv[1], "%d", &fd) == EOF) {
            errsv = errno;
            fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", argv[0], strerror(errsv));
            exit(1);
        }
    }
    if (argc >= 3) {
        rv = sscanf(argv[2], "%lld", &scan_offset);
        if (rv == EOF) {
            errsv = errno;
            fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", argv[0], strerror(errsv));
            exit(1);
        }
        offset = (off_t) scan_offset;
    }
    if (argc >= 4) {
        if (sscanf(argv[3], "%d", &whence) == EOF) {
            errsv = errno;
            fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", argv[0], strerror(errsv));
            exit(1);
        }
    }

    if (lseek(fd, offset, whence) == (off_t) -1) {
        errsv = errno;
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", argv[0], strerror(errsv));
        exit(2);
    }

    return 0;
}

Answer 3

I found a way to do it in bash, but it's relying on an obscure feature of exec < /dev/stdin which actually can rewind the file descriptor of stdin according to http://linux-ip.net/misc/madlug/shell-tips/tip-1.txt:

F=$(mktemp)
exec 3<> "$F"
rm -f "$F"

echo "Hello world" >&3
{ exec < /dev/stdin; cat; } <&3

The write descriptor isn't affected by that so you can still append output to descriptor 3 before the cat.

Sadly I only got this working under Linux not under MacOS (BSD), even with the newest bash version. So it doesn't seem very portable.

Answer 4

Try changing the sequence of commands:

F=$(mktemp tmp.XXXXXX)
exec 3<> "$F"
echo "Hello world" > "$F"
rm -f "$F"

#echo "Hello world" >&3
cat <&3

Answer 5

When you open a file descriptor in bash like that, it becomes accessible as a file in /dev/fd/. On that you can do cat and it'll read from the start, or append (echo "something" >> /dev/fd/3), and it'll add it to the end. At least on my system it behaves this way. (On the other hand, I can't seem to be able to get "cat <&3" to work, even if I don't do any writing to the descriptor).

Answer 6

#!/bin/bash
F=$(mktemp tmp.XXXXXX)
exec 3<> $F
rm $F

echo "Hello world" >&3
cat /dev/fd/3

As suggested in other answer, cat will rewind the file descriptor for you before reading from it since it thinks it's just a regular file.

Answer 7

To 'rewind' the file descriptor, you can simply use /proc/self/fd/3

Test script :

#!/bin/bash

# Fill data
FILE=test
date +%FT%T >$FILE

# Open the file descriptor and delete the file
exec 5<>$FILE
rm -rf $FILE

# Check state of the file
# should return an error as the file has been deleted
file $FILE

# Check that you still can do multiple reads or additions
for i in {0..5}; do
    echo ----- $i -----

    echo . >>/proc/self/fd/5
    cat /proc/self/fd/5

    echo
    sleep 1
done

Try to kill -9 the script while it is running, you will see that contrary to what happens with the trap method, the file is actually deleted.