integerp
is, indeed, the way to check if something is an integer, as you can see in the transcript below.
Jess> (bind ?x (read))
1
1
Jess> (integerp ?x)
TRUE
Jess> (bind ?y (read))
foo
foo
Jess> (integerp ?y)
FALSE
Jess> (bind ?z (read))
1.1
1.1
Jess> (integerp ?z)
FALSE