It's not clear where you tried putting that cascade=true
(assuming it's a typo in your question: it should be "cascade", not "cascaded") but the following works as expected:
tiles.xml:
<tiles-definitions>
<definition name="home" template="/WEB-INF/views/home.jsp">
<put-attribute name="title" value="My App" cascade="true"/>
<put-attribute name="header" value="/WEB-INF/views/common/header.jsp" />
(...)
</definition>
</tiles-definitions>
home.jsp:
Title: <tiles:insertAttribute name="title" /> <br/>
Header: <tiles:insertAttribute name="header" />
header.jsp:
Title in header: <tiles:insertAttribute name="title" />
The output is:
Title: My App Header: Title in header: My App