If you have a php debuger in your editor you can use it to find out what variables you have. On the other hand you can use print_r($form); and that will show you the array(hint in browser user CTRL+U to see the source, you'll find that in the source the form array looks nicer), or you can use var_dump().
If you want to create the form, and you want to know what options do you have, there is the Drupal Form Api( https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/developer%21topics%21forms_api_reference.html/7 ).