动态SQL有什么危险，可以避免吗？

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/268182

06-07-2019
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题

我们刚刚获得以下代码作为离岸开发人员提供的新应用程序中复杂搜索查询的解决方案。我对使用动态SQL持怀疑态度，因为我可以使用';关闭SQL语句。然后执行将在数据库上执行的令人讨厌的事情！

关于如何解决注射攻击的任何想法？

ALTER procedure [dbo].[SearchVenues] --'','',10,1,1,''
@selectedFeature as varchar(MAX),
@searchStr as varchar(100),
@pageCount as int,
@startIndex as int,
@searchId as int,
@venueName as varchar(100),
@range int,
@latitude varchar(100),
@longitude varchar(100),
@showAll int,
@OrderBy varchar(50),
@SearchOrder varchar(10)

AS
DECLARE @sqlRowNum as varchar(max)
DECLARE @sqlRowNumWhere as varchar(max) 
DECLARE @withFunction as varchar(max)
DECLARE @withFunction1 as varchar(max)
DECLARE @endIndex as int
SET  @endIndex = @startIndex + @pageCount -1

SET @sqlRowNum = ' SELECT Row_Number() OVER (ORDER BY '

IF @OrderBy = 'Distance'
    SET @sqlRowNum =  @sqlRowNum  + 'dbo.GeocodeDistanceMiles(Latitude,Longitude,' + @latitude + ',' + @longitude + ') ' +@SearchOrder
ELSE
    SET @sqlRowNum =  @sqlRowNum + @OrderBy + ' '+ @SearchOrder

SET @sqlRowNum = @sqlRowNum + ' ) AS RowNumber,ID,RecordId,EliteStatus,Name,Description,
Address,TotalReviews,AverageFacilityRating,AverageServiceRating,Address1,Address2,Address3,Address4,Address5,Address6,PhoneNumber,
visitCount,referalCount,requestCount,imgUrl,Latitude,Longitude,
Convert(decimal(10,2),dbo.GeocodeDistanceMiles(Latitude,Longitude,' + @latitude + ',' + @longitude + ')) as distance
FROM VenueAllData '

SET @sqlRowNumWhere = 'where Enabled=1 and EliteStatus <> 3 ' 

--PRINT('@sqlRowNum ='+@sqlRowNum)
IF  @searchStr <> ''
BEGIN

    IF (@searchId = 1)    -- county search
    BEGIN
       SET @sqlRowNumWhere  = @sqlRowNumWhere +  ' and Address5 like ''' + @searchStr + '%'''
    END
    ELSE IF(@searchId = 2  ) -- Town search
    BEGIN
       SET @sqlRowNumWhere  = @sqlRowNumWhere +  ' and Address4 like ''' + @searchStr + '%'''
    END  
    ELSE IF(@searchId = 3  ) -- postcode search
    BEGIN
       SET @sqlRowNumWhere  = @sqlRowNumWhere +  ' and Address6 like ''' + @searchStr + '%'''
    END    

    IF (@searchId = 4)   -- Search By Name
    BEGIN
        IF @venueName <> ''
            SET @sqlRowNumWhere  = @sqlRowNumWhere +  ' and ( Name like ''%' + @venueName + '%'' OR Address like ''%'+ @venueName+'%'' ) '
        ELSE
            SET @sqlRowNumWhere  = @sqlRowNumWhere +  ' and  ( Name like ''%' + @searchStr + '%'' OR Address like ''%'+ @searchStr+'%'' ) '
    END
END


IF @venueName <> '' AND @searchId <> 4
    SET @sqlRowNumWhere  = @sqlRowNumWhere +  ' and ( Name like ''%' + @venueName + '%'' OR  Address like ''%'+ @venueName+'%'' ) '


set @sqlRowNum = @sqlRowNum +  ' '   + @sqlRowNumWhere 


--PRINT(@sqlRowNum)

IF @selectedFeature <> ''
    BEGIN
        DECLARE @val1 varchar (255)
        Declare @SQLAttributes varchar(max)
        Set @SQLAttributes = ''
        Declare @tempAttribute varchar(max)
        Declare @AttrId int
        while (@selectedFeature <> '')
            BEGIN
                SET @AttrId = CAST(SUBSTRING(@selectedFeature,1,CHARINDEX(',',@selectedFeature)-1) AS Int)
                Select @tempAttribute = ColumnName from Attribute where id = @AttrId
                SET @selectedFeature = SUBSTRING(@selectedFeature,len(@AttrId)+2,len(@selectedFeature))
                SET @SQLAttributes = @SQLAttributes + ' ' + @tempAttribute + ' = 1 And '
            END
        Set @SQLAttributes = SUBSTRING(@SQLAttributes,0,LEN(@SQLAttributes)-3)
        set @sqlRowNum = @sqlRowNum +  ' and ID in  (Select VenueId from '
        set @sqlRowNum = @sqlRowNum +  ' CachedVenueAttributes WHERE ' + @SQLAttributes + ')  '

    END

IF @showAll <> 1
    set @sqlRowNum = @sqlRowNum +  ' and  dbo.GeocodeDistanceMiles(Latitude,Longitude,' + @latitude + ',' + @longitude + ')   <=  ' +  convert(varchar,@range )


set @withFunction = 'WITH LogEntries AS (' + @sqlRowNum +  ')

SELECT * FROM  LogEntries WHERE RowNumber between '+ Convert(varchar,@startIndex) + 
' and ' + Convert(varchar,@endIndex) + ' ORDER BY ' + @OrderBy + ' ' + @SearchOrder


print(@withFunction)
exec(@withFunction)

解决方案

顺便说一句，我不会使用 EXEC ;相反，我会使用 sp_executesql 。请参阅这篇精湛的文章，动态SQL的诅咒与祝福，原因及其他信息使用动态sql。

其他提示

请参阅此回答。

另外，这些：

我是否对SQL注入免疫我使用存储过程？

在SQL查询中避免SQL注入与使用参数的操作员一样？

我能保护吗？通过使用单引号转义单引号和周围用户输入来反对SQL注入？

以上是上述查询的优化版本，不使用动态SQL ...

Declare @selectedFeature as varchar(MAX),
@searchStr as varchar(100),
@pageCount as int,
@startIndex as int,
@searchId as int,
@venueName as varchar(100),
@range int,
@latitude varchar(100),
@longitude varchar(100),
@showAll int,
@OrderBy varchar(50),
@SearchOrder varchar(10)

Set @startIndex = 1
Set @pageCount = 50



Set @searchStr = 'e'
Set @searchId = 4
Set @OrderBy = 'Address1'
Set @showAll = 1
--Select dbo.GeocodeDistanceMiles(Latitude,Longitude,@latitude,@longitude)


DECLARE @endIndex int
SET  @endIndex = @startIndex + @pageCount -1
;

WITH LogEntries as (
SELECT 
    Row_Number() 
        OVER (ORDER BY 
            CASE @OrderBy
               WHEN 'Distance' THEN Cast(dbo.GeocodeDistanceMiles(Latitude,Longitude,@latitude,@longitude) as varchar(10))
               WHEN 'Name' THEN Name
               WHEN 'Address1' THEN Address1
               WHEN 'RecordId' THEN Cast(RecordId as varchar(10))
               WHEN 'EliteStatus' THEN Cast(EliteStatus as varchar(10))
            END) AS RowNumber,
RecordId,EliteStatus,Name,Description,
Address,TotalReviews,AverageFacilityRating,AverageServiceRating,Address1,Address2,Address3,Address4,Address5,Address6,PhoneNumber,
visitCount,referalCount,requestCount,imgUrl,Latitude,Longitude,
Convert(decimal(10,2),dbo.GeocodeDistanceMiles(Latitude,Longitude,@latitude,@longitude)) as distance
FROM VenueAllData 
where Enabled=1 and EliteStatus <> 3
And 
    (
        (Address5 like @searchStr + '%' And @searchId = 1) OR
        (Address4 like @searchStr + '%' And @searchId = 2) OR
        (Address6 like @searchStr + '%' And @searchId = 3) OR
        (
            (
                @searchId = 4 And 
                    (Name like '%' + @venueName + '%' OR Address like '%'+ @searchStr+'%')
            )
        )
    )
And
    ID in (
        Select VenueID 
        From CachedVenueAttributes 
        --Extra Where Clause for the processing of VenueAttributes using @selectedFeature
    )
And
    (   
        (@showAll = 1) Or
        (@showAll <> 1 and dbo.GeocodeDistanceMiles(Latitude,Longitude,@latitude,@longitude) <= convert(varchar,@range )) 
    )
)

SELECT * FROM  LogEntries 
WHERE RowNumber between @startIndex and @endIndex 
ORDER BY CASE @OrderBy
               WHEN 'Distance' THEN Cast(Distance as varchar(10))
               WHEN 'Name' THEN Name
               WHEN 'Address1' THEN Address1
               WHEN 'RecordId' THEN Cast(RecordId as varchar(10))
               WHEN 'EliteStatus' THEN Cast(EliteStatus as varchar(10))
            END

我唯一没有修复的是从CachedVenueAttributes中选择似乎在循环中构建where语句。我想我可能会将它放在一个表值函数中，并将其与其余的过程分开重构。

我喜欢用于搜索的动态SQL。

我过去曾经使用过它，我使用.Net预处理语句，任何用户生成的字符串作为参数传入，不作为SQL中的文本包含在内。

要使用现有解决方案运行，您可以做很多事情来降低风险。

白名单输入，验证输入，使其只能包含a-zA-Z0-9 \ w（字母数字和空格）（如果需要支持unicode字符则不好）
以受限制的用户身份执行任何动态sql。将存储过程的所有者设置为只对相关表具有读访问权限的用户。拒绝写入所有表格等。此外，在调用此存储过程时，您可能需要对具有类似限制的用户执行此操作，因为它认为MS-SQL在storedproc中执行动态sql作为调用用户而不是storedproc的所有者。

我意识到这是一个非常古老的帖子，但在做的事情如下：

    AND
    (   
        (@showAll = 1) 
        OR (@showAll <> 1 
            AND dbo.GeocodeDistanceMiles(Latitude,Longitude,@latitude,@longitude) <= convert(varchar,@range)) 
    )

... OPTION（RECOMPILE）通常会帮助选择一个更简洁的计划，只要它不会每秒执行一千次或任何事情。

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