Wildcard Queries are not analyzed (See this question, for an example). Since you are (if I understand correctly), interpreting the query "Test- und Produktivumgebung"
to (+*Test* +*und* +*Produktivumgebung*)
, the analyzer is not used for any of those wildcard queries, and stop words will not be eliminated.
If you eliminate the step that performs that translation, the query "Test- und Produktivumgebung"
should be parsed to a phrase query and analyzed, and should work just fine. Another reason to eliminate that step, is that applying a leading wildcard to every term will cause your performance to become very poor. That's why leading wildcards must be manually enabled, because it is generally a bad idea to use them.