The answer is to use XeLaTeX. The following general process should cover most every base:
xelatex -interaction nonstopmode -output-directory %o %f
biber %b # or bibtex, or your favorite bibliography handler
xelatex -interaction nonstopmode -output-directory %o %f
xelatex -interaction nonstopmode -output-directory %o %f
Additionally, you will need the following headers in the org file:
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{xeCJK}
#+LATEX_HEADER: \setCJKmainfont{TakaoExMincho} % for \rmfamily
I tested this on a full document including all kinds of embeddings and links, and it just worked.