A CCLayer is only just a node. There is no code added to CCLayer that makes it a "layer", it just happens to be a (unfitting) name for a non-visible node class that in addition to CCNode merely provides additional input callback methods. A better name for CCLayer would have been CCInputNode.
So any node, SKNode or CCNode, work perfectly for grouping ("layering") other nodes in cocos2d and Sprite Kit alike.
More precisely, CCNode/SKNode are THE layering nodes per se. All other classes inherit the fact that a node can have child nodes from the node base classes. The child nodes allow creating a tree of modes (the scene graph) and technically also allow any node to work as a grouping/layering instrument.