I suspect the default handlers for mouse events on the TextArea are consuming the mouse pressed event before it gets to your handler.
Install an EventFilter instead:
textArea.addEventFilter(MouseEvent.MOUSE_PRESSED, new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
@Override
public void handle(MouseEvent event) {
System.out.println("mouse pressed");
}
});
The Event filter will get processed before the default handlers see the event.
For your css issue, try
.default-cursor .content {
-fx-cursor: default ;
}