In general, I would say use the ISO8601 format in your database and everywhere else and http://momentjs.com/docs/ to deal with al your dates.
Still, you can work with a date time string like you have, just parse into 'a moment' using a custom format string.
// parse from string, see docs for format
var t = moment('31/12/2010 03:55 AM', "DD/MM/YYYY hh:mm A");
// ISO-8601
t.format()
// and back to that MySQL format
t.format("DD/MM/YYYY hh:mm A");
You can do a lot of computerations on t
(comparisons, mutations, formatting), just check the momentjs docs.
Edit: more specifically, filling timeFrame
could be as follows:
// from sun to saterday of this week
var timeFrame = [ moment().days(0).format("DD/MM/YYYY hh:mm A")
, moment().days(6).format("DD/MM/YYYY hh:mm A") ];
// or since method.days() wraps around, this is monday-sunday
var timeFrame = [ moment().days(1).format("DD/MM/YYYY hh:mm A")
, moment().days(7).format("DD/MM/YYYY hh:mm A") ];
HTH