Try this and let me know if it's what you needed.
Callouts:
I created an array that spits the lines up stores them var arrayOfLines = $("[name=set_" + $input + "]").val().match(/[^\r\n]+/g);
.
Then loop through that array and do exactly what you did before, but on each array entry. Then store the results in tempArr, and display the tempArr results.
See Fiddle
function $count_how_many_syllables($input) {
$("[name=set_" + $input + "]").keyup(function () {
var arrayOfLines = $("[name=set_" + $input + "]").val().match(/[^\r\n]+/g);
var tempArr = [];
var $content;
var word;
var $syllable_count;
var $result;
for(var i = 0; i < arrayOfLines.length; i++){
$content = arrayOfLines[i];
word = $content;
word = word.toLowerCase();
if (word.length <= 3) {
word = 1;
}
if (word.length === 0) {
return 0;
}
word = word.replace(/(?:[^laeiouy]es|ed|[^laeiouy]e)$/, '')
.replace(/^y/, '')
.match(/[aeiouy]{1,2}/g).length;
$syllable_count = word;
$result = $syllable_count;
tempArr.push($result);
}
$("[name=set_" + $input + "_syllable_count]").val(tempArr);
});
}
(function($) {
$count_how_many_syllables("a");
})(jQuery);