题
下面是我尝试写的脚本的一部分。脚本打开我的iptables日志,日志中的每一行包含下面示例中的详细信息。
#example of a single line #Mar 9 14:57:51 machine kernel: [23780.638839] IPTABLES Denied UDP: IN=p21p1 OUT= MAC=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00 SRC=10.100.1.4 DST=10.100.1.63 LEN=78 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=128 ID=10898 PROTO=UDP$ # Read file in a line at a time for line in iptables_log.readlines(): #find time based on 4 letters, 2 spaces, up to 2 numbers, 1 space, then standard 10:10:10 time format time = re.findall('(^\w{1,4}\s\s\d{1,2}\s\d\d:\d\d:\d\d)', line) #mac lookup mac = re.findall('MAC=(?:\w\w:\w\w:\w\w:\w\w\:\w\w:\w\w:\w\w:\w\w:\w\w:\w\w:\w\w:\w\w:\w\w:\w\w)', line) #source port src = re.findall('SRC=(?:[\d]{1,3})\.(?:[\d]{1,3})\.(?:[\d]{1,3})\.(?:[\d]{1,3})', line) #destination port dst = re.findall('DST=(?:[\d]{1,3})\.(?:[\d]{1,3})\.(?:[\d]{1,3})\.(?:[\d]{1,3})', line) #protocol proto = re.findall('PROTO=(?:\w{3,4})', line) #sourceport sourceport = re.findall('SPT=(?:\w{1,5})', line) #destport destport = re.findall('DPT=(?:\w{1,5})', line) print time, mac, src, dst, proto, sourceport, destport print '======================================================'.
我正在尝试获取脚本只打印我想要的项目,但是当它的脚本输出时,它看起来像这样,这似乎是一个列表。没有[]',我希望它打印。在线看它似乎是每个变量(时间,mac,src等)是一个名单本身。我不确定如何结合它们。我看到了加入的引用,但我不确定如何使用它这个例子。有人可以帮助吗?
['Mar 9 14:57:51'] ['MAC=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00'] ['SRC=10.100.1.4'] ['DST=10.100.1.63'] ['PROTO=UDP'] ['SPT=137'] ['DPT=137'].
解决方案
为什么不只是解压缩您的列表?
>>> time = [0]
>>> [time] = time
>>> time
0
. 其他提示
re.findall返回列表
def findall(pattern, string, flags=0):
"""Return a list of all non-overlapping matches in the string.
If one or more groups are present in the pattern, return a
list of groups; this will be a list of tuples if the pattern
has more than one group.
Empty matches are included in the result."""
return _compile(pattern, flags).findall(string)
.
我会使用re.search。
>>> import re
>>> st = '''Mar 9 14:57:51 machine kernel: [23780.638839] IPTABLES Denied UDP: IN=p21p1 OUT= MAC=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00 SRC=10.100.1.4 DST=10.100.1.63 LEN=78 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=128 ID=10898 PROTO=UDP$'''
>>> x = re.search('(^\w{1,4}\s\s\d{1,2}\s\d\d:\d\d:\d\d)',st)
>>> x.group(0)
'Mar 9 14:57:51'
.
(source= http://docs.python.org/library/re.html)
你可以做到:
foo = re.findall(…)[0]
.
如果您只期望一个结果,则为任何re.findall
re.findall返回匹配列表。在您的情况下,您只有一个值获取列表。如果始终如此,那么@ x539答案将获得列表中的第一个项目。
我建议使用单行的单个regexp,其中名为:
>>> r = re.compile(r'^(?P<date>\w{1,4}\s\d{1,2}\s\d\d\:\d\d\:\d\d) (?P<hostname>\w+) kernel: (\[[0-9]+.[0-9]+\]) IN=(?P<ifacein>[a-z0-9]*) OUT=(?P<ifaceout>[a-z0-9]*) MAC=(?P<mac>[a-f0-9:]+) SRC=(?P<src>[\w.:]+) DST=(?P<dst>[\w:.]+) LEN=(?P<len>[0-9]+) TOS=0x(?P<tos>[0-9a-f]+) PREC=0x(?P<prec>[0-9a-f]+) TTL=(?P<ttl>[0-9]+) ID=(?P<id>[0-9]+) PROTO=(?P<proto>[A-Z]+) SPT=(?P<spt>[0-9]+) DPT=(?P<dpt>[0-9]+) LEN=(?P<len2>[0-9]+)')
>>> d = r.match(line).groupdict()
>>> d['dst']
'255.255.255.255'
>>> d['proto']
'UDP'
>>> d['dpt']
'17500'
.
您还可以轻松地将其全部返回到一个字符串,其中字段:
>>> ' '.join([d[_] for _ in ("date", "mac", "src", "dst", "proto", "spt", "dpt")])
'Mar 12 13:06:10 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:00:18:8b:da:86:37:08:00 192.168.0.221 255.255.255.255 UDP 17500 17500'
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