如何以托管方式在.NET中获取父进程

StackOverflow https://stackoverflow.com/questions/394816

题

我在 .NET 中寻找了很多获取父进程的方法，但只找到了 P/Invoke 方式。

有帮助吗？

解决方案

此代码提供一个很好的界面用于寻找父进程对象并考虑到多个进程的具有相同名称的可能性：

用法：

Console.WriteLine("ParentPid: " + Process.GetProcessById(6972).Parent().Id);

代码：

public static class ProcessExtensions {
    private static string FindIndexedProcessName(int pid) {
        var processName = Process.GetProcessById(pid).ProcessName;
        var processesByName = Process.GetProcessesByName(processName);
        string processIndexdName = null;

        for (var index = 0; index < processesByName.Length; index++) {
            processIndexdName = index == 0 ? processName : processName + "#" + index;
            var processId = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "ID Process", processIndexdName);
            if ((int) processId.NextValue() == pid) {
                return processIndexdName;
            }
        }

        return processIndexdName;
    }

    private static Process FindPidFromIndexedProcessName(string indexedProcessName) {
        var parentId = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "Creating Process ID", indexedProcessName);
        return Process.GetProcessById((int) parentId.NextValue());
    }

    public static Process Parent(this Process process) {
        return FindPidFromIndexedProcessName(FindIndexedProcessName(process.Id));
    }
}

其他提示

下面是一个解决方案。它使用P /调用，但似乎很好地工作，32或64的cpu：

    /// <summary>
    /// A utility class to determine a process parent.
    /// </summary>
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct ParentProcessUtilities
    {
        // These members must match PROCESS_BASIC_INFORMATION
        internal IntPtr Reserved1;
        internal IntPtr PebBaseAddress;
        internal IntPtr Reserved2_0;
        internal IntPtr Reserved2_1;
        internal IntPtr UniqueProcessId;
        internal IntPtr InheritedFromUniqueProcessId;

        [DllImport("ntdll.dll")]
        private static extern int NtQueryInformationProcess(IntPtr processHandle, int processInformationClass, ref ParentProcessUtilities processInformation, int processInformationLength, out int returnLength);

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the parent process of the current process.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>An instance of the Process class.</returns>
        public static Process GetParentProcess()
        {
            return GetParentProcess(Process.GetCurrentProcess().Handle);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the parent process of specified process.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id">The process id.</param>
        /// <returns>An instance of the Process class.</returns>
        public static Process GetParentProcess(int id)
        {
            Process process = Process.GetProcessById(id);
            return GetParentProcess(process.Handle);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the parent process of a specified process.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="handle">The process handle.</param>
        /// <returns>An instance of the Process class.</returns>
        public static Process GetParentProcess(IntPtr handle)
        {
            ParentProcessUtilities pbi = new ParentProcessUtilities();
            int returnLength;
            int status = NtQueryInformationProcess(handle, 0, ref pbi, Marshal.SizeOf(pbi), out returnLength);
            if (status != 0)
                throw new Win32Exception(status);

            try
            {
                return Process.GetProcessById(pbi.InheritedFromUniqueProcessId.ToInt32());
            }
            catch (ArgumentException)
            {
                // not found
                return null;
            }
        }
    }

此方式：

public static Process GetParent(this Process process)
{
  try
  {
    using (var query = new ManagementObjectSearcher(
      "SELECT * " +
      "FROM Win32_Process " +
      "WHERE ProcessId=" + process.Id))
    {
      return query
        .Get()
        .OfType<ManagementObject>()
        .Select(p => Process.GetProcessById((int)(uint)p["ParentProcessId"]))
        .FirstOrDefault();
    }
  }
  catch
  {
    return null;
  }
}

下面是我尝试在管理解决方案。

有轮询所有进程的性能计数器，并返回子PID的父PID的字典。然后你就可以查了字典与您当前的PID，看看你的父母，祖父母等。

这是多少的信息获取，肯定矫枉过正。随意优化。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;

namespace PidExamples
{
    class ParentPid
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var childPidToParentPid = GetAllProcessParentPids();
            int currentProcessId = Process.GetCurrentProcess().Id;

            Console.WriteLine("Current Process ID: " + currentProcessId);
            Console.WriteLine("Parent Process ID: " + childPidToParentPid[currentProcessId]);
        }

        public static Dictionary<int, int> GetAllProcessParentPids()
        {
            var childPidToParentPid = new Dictionary<int, int>();

            var processCounters = new SortedDictionary<string, PerformanceCounter[]>();
            var category = new PerformanceCounterCategory("Process");

            // As the base system always has more than one process running, 
            // don't special case a single instance return.
            var instanceNames = category.GetInstanceNames();
            foreach(string t in instanceNames)
            {
                try
                {
                    processCounters[t] = category.GetCounters(t);
                }
                catch (InvalidOperationException)
                {
                    // Transient processes may no longer exist between 
                    // GetInstanceNames and when the counters are queried.
                }
            }

            foreach (var kvp in processCounters)
            {
                int childPid = -1;
                int parentPid = -1;

                foreach (var counter in kvp.Value)
                {
                    if ("ID Process".CompareTo(counter.CounterName) == 0)
                    {
                        childPid = (int)(counter.NextValue());
                    }
                    else if ("Creating Process ID".CompareTo(counter.CounterName) == 0)
                    {
                        parentPid = (int)(counter.NextValue());
                    }
                }

                if (childPid != -1 && parentPid != -1)
                {
                    childPidToParentPid[childPid] = parentPid;
                }
            }

            return childPidToParentPid;
        }
    }
}

在其他消息方面，我学会了多少性能计数器有我的机器上：13401.圣牛

如果接受的P / Invoke，有一种更好的方式，这是比多有记载 NtQueryInformationProcess：即PROCESSENTRY32（CreateToolHelp32Snapshot函数，Process32First，Process32Next）。这是在这个帖子显示。

，请注意微妙的详细信息 并注意父PID不一定是创造者PID，其实这些可能是完全不相关的，如通过在社区评论中指出 PROCESSENTRY32 。

如果你挖掘过BCL，你会发现寻找父进程的方法被刻意回避了，例如：

https://referencesource.microsoft.com/#System/services/monitoring/system/diagnosticts/ProcessManager.cs,327

正如您在源代码中看到的，它包含全面的结构和导入的本机方法，这绝对足以完成工作。但是，即使您通过反射访问它们（这是可能的），您也找不到直接执行此操作的方法。我无法回答为什么，但这种现象会导致像你这样的问题被反复问到；例如：

如何获取应用程序父进程的 PID

因为没有答案以及一些使用的代码 创建Toolhelp32Snapshot 在这个线程中，我将添加它——我从 MS 的参考源中窃取的结构定义和名称的一部分:)

  • 代码 

    using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System;

    public static class Toolhelp32 {
    public const uint Inherit = 0x80000000;
    public const uint SnapModule32 = 0x00000010;
    public const uint SnapAll = SnapHeapList|SnapModule|SnapProcess|SnapThread;
    public const uint SnapHeapList = 0x00000001;
    public const uint SnapProcess = 0x00000002;
    public const uint SnapThread = 0x00000004;
    public const uint SnapModule = 0x00000008;

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
    static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr handle);
    [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
    static extern IntPtr CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(uint flags, int processId);

    public static IEnumerable<T> TakeSnapshot<T>(uint flags, int id) where T : IEntry, new() {
        using(var snap = new Snapshot(flags, id))
            for(IEntry entry = new T { }; entry.TryMoveNext(snap, out entry);)
                yield return (T)entry;
    }

    public interface IEntry {
        bool TryMoveNext(Toolhelp32.Snapshot snap, out IEntry entry);
    }

    public struct Snapshot:IDisposable {
        void IDisposable.Dispose() {
            Toolhelp32.CloseHandle(m_handle);
        }
        public Snapshot(uint flags, int processId) {
            m_handle=Toolhelp32.CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(flags, processId);
        }
        IntPtr m_handle;
    }
}

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct WinProcessEntry:Toolhelp32.IEntry {
    [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
    public static extern bool Process32Next(Toolhelp32.Snapshot snap, ref WinProcessEntry entry);

    public bool TryMoveNext(Toolhelp32.Snapshot snap, out Toolhelp32.IEntry entry) {
        var x = new WinProcessEntry { dwSize=Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(WinProcessEntry)) };
        var b = Process32Next(snap, ref x);
        entry=x;
        return b;
    }

    public int dwSize;
    public int cntUsage;
    public int th32ProcessID;
    public IntPtr th32DefaultHeapID;
    public int th32ModuleID;
    public int cntThreads;
    public int th32ParentProcessID;
    public int pcPriClassBase;
    public int dwFlags;
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 260)]
    public String fileName;
    //byte fileName[260];
    //public const int sizeofFileName = 260;
}

    public static class Extensions {
    public static Process Parent(this Process p) {
        var entries = Toolhelp32.TakeSnapshot<WinProcessEntry>(Toolhelp32.SnapAll, 0);
        var parentid = entries.First(x => x.th32ProcessID==p.Id).th32ParentProcessID;
        return Process.GetProcessById(parentid);
    }
}

我们可以这样使用它：

  • 测试 

    public class TestClass {
    public static void TestMethod() {
        var p = Process.GetCurrentProcess().Parent();
        Console.WriteLine("{0}", p.Id);
    }
}

对于替代结局..

根据文档，每种类型的条目都有一对迭代方法，例如 Process32First 和 Process32Next 用于流程的迭代；但我发现‘xxxxFirst’方法是不必要的，然后我想为什么不把迭代方法与其对应的入口类型放在一起呢？它会更容易实现和理解（我想是这样..）。

就像 Toolhelp32 后缀为 帮助, ，我认为静态辅助类是合适的，这样我们就可以有明确的限定名称，例如 Toolhelp32.Snapshot 或者 Toolhelp32.IEntry 虽然这里无关紧要..

获取父进程后，如果您还想获取一些详细信息，您可以轻松地扩展它，例如迭代其模块，然后添加：

  • 代码-WinModuleEntry 

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct WinModuleEntry:Toolhelp32.IEntry { // MODULEENTRY32
    [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
    public static extern bool Module32Next(Toolhelp32.Snapshot snap, ref WinModuleEntry entry);

    public bool TryMoveNext(Toolhelp32.Snapshot snap, out Toolhelp32.IEntry entry) {
        var x = new WinModuleEntry { dwSize=Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(WinModuleEntry)) };
        var b = Module32Next(snap, ref x);
        entry=x;
        return b;
    }

    public int dwSize;
    public int th32ModuleID;
    public int th32ProcessID;
    public int GlblcntUsage;
    public int ProccntUsage;
    public IntPtr modBaseAddr;
    public int modBaseSize;
    public IntPtr hModule;
    //byte moduleName[256];
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 256)]
    public string moduleName;
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 260)]
    public string fileName;
    //byte fileName[260];
    //public const int sizeofModuleName = 256;
    //public const int sizeofFileName = 260;
}

    和一些测试.. 

    public class TestClass {
    public static void TestMethod() {
        var p = Process.GetCurrentProcess().Parent();
        Console.WriteLine("{0}", p.Id);

        var formatter = new CustomFormatter { };
        foreach(var x in Toolhelp32.TakeSnapshot<WinModuleEntry>(Toolhelp32.SnapModule, p.Id)) {
            Console.WriteLine(String.Format(formatter, "{0}", x));
        }
    }
}

public class CustomFormatter:IFormatProvider, ICustomFormatter {
    String ICustomFormatter.Format(String format, object arg, IFormatProvider formatProvider) {
        var type = arg.GetType();
        var fields = type.GetFields();
        var q = fields.Select(x => String.Format("{0}:{1}", x.Name, x.GetValue(arg)));
        return String.Format("{{{0}}}", String.Join(", ", q.ToArray()));
    }

    object IFormatProvider.GetFormat(Type formatType) {
        return typeof(ICustomFormatter)!=formatType ? null : this;
    }
}

如果您想要代码示例..

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