动态外键 - 怎么执行？

Question

我有4个表（任命，类，当选，状态），我想交叉引用到一个表中的（部件）柱。的4个表中的值是基于离历史表（members_history）时间敏感。期望的结果是，该查询应输出的构件内的所有成员和当前指定的位置或当前位置选出，类和状态行和包括来自外国的行所获得的附加信息。

因此，而不是只是返回：

ID，用户名，密码，盐，name_first，name_last，date_join＆date_leave;

该查询将返回

ID，用户名，密码，盐，name_prefix，name_first，name_last，hours_extra，date_join，date_leave，appointed，class，elected＆status;

只要添加的列中不具有历史的电流值是结果应该是NULL。

现在，我想我可以用子querys做到这一点，但到目前为止已经敲我的头靠在键盘。我会再摆在它之后，但在那之前，任何人都愿意给它一个镜头，或尝试点我在正确的方向？

我的SQL（没有双关语意）表的结构是如下所示：

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `members` (
 `id` mediumint(3) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment COMMENT 'Members Unique Id',
 `username` varchar(32) collate utf8_bin NOT NULL COMMENT 'Mebers Username',
 `password` varchar(64) collate utf8_bin NOT NULL COMMENT 'Members Password Hash',
 `salt` varchar(32) collate utf8_bin NOT NULL COMMENT 'Members Password Salt',
 `name_first` varchar(32) collate utf8_bin NOT NULL COMMENT 'Members First Name',
 `name_last` varchar(32) collate utf8_bin NOT NULL COMMENT 'Members Last Name',
 `date_join` date NOT NULL COMMENT 'Members Join Date',
 `date_leave` date default NULL COMMENT 'Members Resgination Date (If Applicable)',
 PRIMARY KEY  (`id`),
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT='Members id in this table = mid in other tables';

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `members:apointed` (
 `id` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment COMMENT 'Unique value',
 `name_prefix` varchar(8) collate utf8_bin NOT NULL COMMENT 'Prefix Added to Members Name',
 `hours_extra` decimal(4,2) NOT NULL COMMENT 'Hours Given as Bonus for Holding this Position.',
 `position` varchar(40) collate utf8_bin NOT NULL COMMENT 'Name of the Posisiton',
 PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT='Undefined within the SOP or By-Laws.';

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `members:class` (
 `id` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment COMMENT 'Unique Id',
 `class` varchar(8) collate utf8_bin NOT NULL COMMENT 'Unique Value',
 PRIMARY KEY  (`id`),
 UNIQUE KEY `value` (`class`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT='Article I, Section 1 Subsection B: Classes of Membership';

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `members:elected` (
 `id` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment COMMENT 'Unique value',
 `name_prefix` varchar(8) collate utf8_bin NOT NULL COMMENT 'Prefix Added to Members Name',
 `hours_extra` decimal(4,2) NOT NULL COMMENT 'Hours Given as Bonus for Holding this Position.',
 `position` varchar(40) collate utf8_bin NOT NULL COMMENT 'Name of the Posisiton',
 PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT='Article II';

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `members:status` (
 `id` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment COMMENT 'Bit''s Place',
 `status` varchar(16) collate utf8_bin NOT NULL COMMENT 'Categorie''s Name',
 PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT='Article I, Section 1, Subsection A: Categories of Membership';

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `members_history` (
 `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment COMMENT 'Unique Id',
 `mid` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT 'Members Unique Id.',
 `table` enum('class','elected','appointed','status') NOT NULL COMMENT 'Name of Table that was Edited.',
 `value` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT 'Value',
 `start` date NOT NULL COMMENT 'Value''s Effect Date',
 `end` date default NULL COMMENT 'Value''s Expiration Date',
 PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 COMMENT='Member History';

members_history.mid是在成员表ID的FK，不是每个成员都会对他们的历史（但最终他们都意愿，每个成员必须有一个类和状态）。 members_history.value是FK用于members:{members_history.table}.id;

INSERT INTO `members`
(`id`, `username`, `password`, `salt`, `name_first`, `name_last`, `date_join`, `date_join`) VALUES
(   1,   'Dygear',MD5('pass'), 's417',       'Mark',    'Tomlin',      DATE(), NULL),
(   2,  'uberusr',MD5('p455'), '235f',     'Howard',    'Singer',      DATE(), NULL),
(   3,'kingchief',MD5('leet'), '32fs','Christopher',   'Buckham',      DATE(), NULL);

INSERT INTO `members:apointed`
(`id`, `name_prefix`, `hours_extra`, `posisiton`) VALUES
(   1,            '',          0.00, 'Crew Chief'),
(   2,            '',         20.00, 'Engineer'),
(   3,         'Lt.',         40.00, 'Lieutenant'),
(   4,       'Capt.',         60.00, 'Captin'),
(   5,      'Chief.',         80.00, '3rd Assistant Chief of Operation');

INSERT INTO `members:class`
(`id`, `class`) VALUES
(   1, 'Class I'),
(   2, 'Class II');

INSERT INTO `members:elected`
(`id`, `name_prefix`, `hours_extra`, `posisiton`) VALUES
(   1,            '',         40.00, 'Trustee'),
(   2,            '',         40.00, 'Chairman of the Board'),
(   3,       'Prez.',         40.00, 'President'),
(   4,      'VPrez.',         40.00, 'Vice-President'),
(   5,            '',         40.00, 'Recording Secretary'),
(   6,            '',         40.00, 'Service Secretary'),
(   7,            '',         40.00, 'Corresponding Secretary'),
(   8,            '',         40.00, 'Financial Secretary Treasuer'),
(   9,            '',         40.00, 'Assistant Financial Secretary Treasuer'),
(  10,      'Chief.',         80.00, 'Chief of Operations'),
(  11,      'Chief.',         80.00, 'First Deputy Chief of Operations'),
(  12,      'Chief.',         80.00, 'Second Deputy Chief of Operation');

INSERT INTO `members:status`
(`id`, `status`) VALUES
(   1, 'Active'),
(   2, 'Inactive'),
(   3, 'Student'),
(   4, 'Probationary'),
(   5, 'Lifetime'),
(   6, 'Cadet'),
(   7, 'Honorary'),
(   8, 'Medical'),
(   9, 'Military'),
(  10, 'Resigned'),
(  11, 'Disvowed');


INSERT INTO `members_history`
(`id`, `mid`,    `table`, `value`, `start`, `end`) VALUES
(NULL,     1, 'apointed',       3,  DATE(), NULL),
(NULL,     1,    'class',       1,  DATE(), NULL),
(NULL,     1,   'status',       1,  DATE(), NULL),
(NULL,     2,  'elected',       4,  DATE(), NULL),
(NULL,     2,    'class',       1,  DATE(), NULL),
(NULL,     2,   'status',       1,  DATE(), NULL),
(NULL,     3, 'apointed',      10,  DATE(), '2010-05-01'),
(NULL,     3,    'class',       1,  DATE(), NULL),
(NULL,     3,   'status',       1,  DATE(), NULL);

Answer 1

您正在使用一个名为多态关联的设计，它的经常做错了。使它工作的方法是创建另一个表，说members:abstract：

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `members:abstract` (
 `id` INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
 `type` enum('class','elected','appointed','status') NOT NULL,
  UNIQUE KEY (`id`, `type`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

此表作为所有的成员的父表属性表。每个表中改变其主键的不的自动生成的ID值，而是引用members:abstract的主键。我将只显示members:appointed但其他人是相似的。

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `members:appointed` (
 `id` INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, -- not auto_increment
 `name_prefix` varchar(8) collate utf8_bin NOT NULL COMMENT 'Prefix Added to Members Name',
 `hours_extra` decimal(4,2) NOT NULL COMMENT 'Hours Given as Bonus for Holding this Position.',
 `position` varchar(40) collate utf8_bin NOT NULL COMMENT 'Name of the Posisiton',
 FOREIGN KEY (`id`) REFERENCES `members:abstract` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT='Undefined within the SOP or By-Laws.';

可以与触发器自动地进行此表增益自动生成的值：

DELIMITER //
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS ins_appointed//
CREATE TRIGGER ins_appointed BEFORE INSERT ON `members:appointed`
FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
  INSERT INTO `members:abstract` (`type`) VALUES ('appointed');
  SET NEW.id = LAST_INSERT_ID();
END; //
DELIMITER ;

执行相同的每个其他属性表。

请注意ID值现在您所有的属性表中的唯一。

接下来你做members:abstract目标在members_history的外键。

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `members_history` (
 `id` INT unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment COMMENT 'Unique Id',
 `mid` INT unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT 'Members Unique Id.',
 `value` INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
 `table` enum('class','elected','appointed','status') NOT NULL,
 `start` date NOT NULL COMMENT 'Value''s Effect Date',
 `end` date default NULL COMMENT 'Value''s Expiration Date',
 PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
 FOREIGN KEY (`mid`) REFERENCES `members` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE,
 FOREIGN KEY (`value`, `table`) REFERENCES `members:abstract` (`id`, `type`) ON DELETE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 COMMENT='Member History';

注意，该表定义了一个外键，这样你不能引用members:abstract错误类型属性的一个id

现在，你可以依靠的引用完整性和一致性：当你尝试实现多态关联没有所有参考属性表的公共父这是不可能的。

下面是将返回描述（关于MySQL 5.1.40测试）的结果的查询：

SELECT m.username,
  m.password, m.salt, m.name_first, m.name_last,
  MAX(a.name_prefix) AS name_prefix,
  COALESCE(MAX(a.hours_extra), MAX(e.hours_extra)) AS hours_extra,
  MAX(m.date_join) AS date_join,
  MAX(m.date_leave) AS date_leave,
  MAX(a.position) AS appointed,
  MAX(c.class) AS class,
  MAX(e.position) AS elected,
  MAX(s.status) AS status
FROM `members` m 
JOIN `members_history` h ON (h.mid = m.id)
LEFT OUTER JOIN `members:appointed` a ON (h.table = 'appointed' AND h.value = a.id)
LEFT OUTER JOIN `members:class` c ON (h.table = 'class' AND h.value = c.id)
LEFT OUTER JOIN `members:elected` e ON (h.table = 'elected' AND h.value = e.id)
LEFT OUTER JOIN `members:status` s ON (h.table = 'status' AND h.value = s.id)
GROUP BY m.id;

Answer 2

所有你需要的是一个左外连接的每个历史类型的，你需要选择“当前”行什么逻辑。

你的表结构并不完全产生足够的意义，我把一个样品给你。也许，如果你提供一个样本成员和一个属性一对夫妇的历史行的，我可以帮你。