https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1169539
-
19-09-2019 - |
italiano
english
français
española
中国
日本の
العربية
Deutsch
한국어
Português
Russian题
我想用lm()函数做线性回归中的R。我的数据与去年（22年）一个领域，另一个是国家（50国）的年度时间序列。我想，以适应回归的每个状态，以便在年底我有LM响应向量。我可以想象做for循环则每个状态做循环内的回归和添加各回归的结果的向量。这似乎并不十分R-等，然而。在SAS我会做一个“由”语句和SQL我会“按组”做了。什么是这样做的R-方式？
解决方案
下面是一个使用lme4封装的一种方式。
library(lme4)
d <- data.frame(state=rep(c('NY', 'CA'), c(10, 10)),
year=rep(1:10, 2),
response=c(rnorm(10), rnorm(10)))
xyplot(response ~ year, groups=state, data=d, type='l')
fits <- lmList(response ~ year | state, data=d)
fits
#------------
Call: lmList(formula = response ~ year | state, data = d)
Coefficients:
(Intercept) year
CA -1.34420990 0.17139963
NY 0.00196176 -0.01852429
Degrees of freedom: 20 total; 16 residual
Residual standard error: 0.8201316
其他提示
下面是使用 plyr 包的方法：
d <- data.frame(
state = rep(c('NY', 'CA'), 10),
year = rep(1:10, 2),
response= rnorm(20)
)
library(plyr)
# Break up d by state, then fit the specified model to each piece and
# return a list
models <- dlply(d, "state", function(df)
lm(response ~ year, data = df))
# Apply coef to each model and return a data frame
ldply(models, coef)
# Print the summary of each model
l_ply(models, summary, .print = TRUE)
自2009年以来，dplyr已经发布这实际上提供了一个非常好的方式做这样的分组，非常接近SAS做什么。
library(dplyr)
d <- data.frame(state=rep(c('NY', 'CA'), c(10, 10)),
year=rep(1:10, 2),
response=c(rnorm(10), rnorm(10)))
fitted_models = d %>% group_by(state) %>% do(model = lm(response ~ year, data = .))
# Source: local data frame [2 x 2]
# Groups: <by row>
#
# state model
# (fctr) (chr)
# 1 CA <S3:lm>
# 2 NY <S3:lm>
fitted_models$model
# [[1]]
#
# Call:
# lm(formula = response ~ year, data = .)
#
# Coefficients:
# (Intercept) year
# -0.06354 0.02677
#
#
# [[2]]
#
# Call:
# lm(formula = response ~ year, data = .)
#
# Coefficients:
# (Intercept) year
# -0.35136 0.09385
要检索的系数和Rsquared / p.value，一个可以使用broom包。这个软件包提供：
3个S3泛型：整齐，其总结了模型的 统计结果如回归系数; 增大，这增加了列于原始数据，如 预测，残差和簇分配;并且一目了然，这 提供的模型级统计一行总结
library(broom)
fitted_models %>% tidy(model)
# Source: local data frame [4 x 6]
# Groups: state [2]
#
# state term estimate std.error statistic p.value
# (fctr) (chr) (dbl) (dbl) (dbl) (dbl)
# 1 CA (Intercept) -0.06354035 0.83863054 -0.0757668 0.9414651
# 2 CA year 0.02677048 0.13515755 0.1980687 0.8479318
# 3 NY (Intercept) -0.35135766 0.60100314 -0.5846187 0.5749166
# 4 NY year 0.09385309 0.09686043 0.9689519 0.3609470
fitted_models %>% glance(model)
# Source: local data frame [2 x 12]
# Groups: state [2]
#
# state r.squared adj.r.squared sigma statistic p.value df
# (fctr) (dbl) (dbl) (dbl) (dbl) (dbl) (int)
# 1 CA 0.004879969 -0.119510035 1.2276294 0.0392312 0.8479318 2
# 2 NY 0.105032068 -0.006838924 0.8797785 0.9388678 0.3609470 2
# Variables not shown: logLik (dbl), AIC (dbl), BIC (dbl), deviance (dbl),
# df.residual (int)
fitted_models %>% augment(model)
# Source: local data frame [20 x 10]
# Groups: state [2]
#
# state response year .fitted .se.fit .resid .hat
# (fctr) (dbl) (int) (dbl) (dbl) (dbl) (dbl)
# 1 CA 0.4547765 1 -0.036769875 0.7215439 0.4915464 0.3454545
# 2 CA 0.1217003 2 -0.009999399 0.6119518 0.1316997 0.2484848
# 3 CA -0.6153836 3 0.016771076 0.5146646 -0.6321546 0.1757576
# 4 CA -0.9978060 4 0.043541551 0.4379605 -1.0413476 0.1272727
# 5 CA 2.1385614 5 0.070312027 0.3940486 2.0682494 0.1030303
# 6 CA -0.3924598 6 0.097082502 0.3940486 -0.4895423 0.1030303
# 7 CA -0.5918738 7 0.123852977 0.4379605 -0.7157268 0.1272727
# 8 CA 0.4671346 8 0.150623453 0.5146646 0.3165112 0.1757576
# 9 CA -1.4958726 9 0.177393928 0.6119518 -1.6732666 0.2484848
# 10 CA 1.7481956 10 0.204164404 0.7215439 1.5440312 0.3454545
# 11 NY -0.6285230 1 -0.257504572 0.5170932 -0.3710185 0.3454545
# 12 NY 1.0566099 2 -0.163651479 0.4385542 1.2202614 0.2484848
# 13 NY -0.5274693 3 -0.069798386 0.3688335 -0.4576709 0.1757576
# 14 NY 0.6097983 4 0.024054706 0.3138637 0.5857436 0.1272727
# 15 NY -1.5511940 5 0.117907799 0.2823942 -1.6691018 0.1030303
# 16 NY 0.7440243 6 0.211760892 0.2823942 0.5322634 0.1030303
# 17 NY 0.1054719 7 0.305613984 0.3138637 -0.2001421 0.1272727
# 18 NY 0.7513057 8 0.399467077 0.3688335 0.3518387 0.1757576
# 19 NY -0.1271655 9 0.493320170 0.4385542 -0.6204857 0.2484848
# 20 NY 1.2154852 10 0.587173262 0.5170932 0.6283119 0.3454545
# Variables not shown: .sigma (dbl), .cooksd (dbl), .std.resid (dbl)
在我看来是一个混合线性模型对这种数据的一种更好的方法。下面的代码在固定效应的总体趋势给出。随机效应表明对每个国家的发展趋势如何从全球趋势不同。相关结构取时间自相关考虑。看看皮涅罗＆贝茨。
（在S和S-PLUS混合效应模型）library(nlme)
lme(response ~ year, random = ~year|state, correlation = corAR1(~year))
使用data.table一个很好的解决方案被张贴此处在通过交叉验证@Zach。
我只是补充一点，能够获得迭代也回归系数R ^ 2：
## make fake data
library(data.table)
set.seed(1)
dat <- data.table(x=runif(100), y=runif(100), grp=rep(1:2,50))
##calculate the regression coefficient r^2
dat[,summary(lm(y~x))$r.squared,by=grp]
grp V1
1: 1 0.01465726
2: 2 0.02256595
，以及来自其他summary(lm)输出的全部：
dat[,list(r2=summary(lm(y~x))$r.squared , f=summary(lm(y~x))$fstatistic[1] ),by=grp]
grp r2 f
1: 1 0.01465726 0.714014
2: 2 0.02256595 1.108173
## make fake data
ngroups <- 2
group <- 1:ngroups
nobs <- 100
dta <- data.frame(group=rep(group,each=nobs),y=rnorm(nobs*ngroups),x=runif(nobs*ngroups))
head(dta)
#--------------------
group y x
1 1 0.6482007 0.5429575
2 1 -0.4637118 0.7052843
3 1 -0.5129840 0.7312955
4 1 -0.6612649 0.9028034
5 1 -0.5197448 0.1661308
6 1 0.4240346 0.8944253
#------------
## function to extract the results of one model
foo <- function(z) {
## coef and se in a data frame
mr <- data.frame(coef(summary(lm(y~x,data=z))))
## put row names (predictors/indep variables)
mr$predictor <- rownames(mr)
mr
}
## see that it works
foo(subset(dta,group==1))
#=========
Estimate Std..Error t.value Pr...t.. predictor
(Intercept) 0.2176477 0.1919140 1.134090 0.2595235 (Intercept)
x -0.3669890 0.3321875 -1.104765 0.2719666 x
#----------
## one option: use command by
res <- by(dta,dta$group,foo)
res
#=========
dta$group: 1
Estimate Std..Error t.value Pr...t.. predictor
(Intercept) 0.2176477 0.1919140 1.134090 0.2595235 (Intercept)
x -0.3669890 0.3321875 -1.104765 0.2719666 x
------------------------------------------------------------
dta$group: 2
Estimate Std..Error t.value Pr...t.. predictor
(Intercept) -0.04039422 0.1682335 -0.2401081 0.8107480 (Intercept)
x 0.06286456 0.3020321 0.2081387 0.8355526 x
## using package plyr is better
library(plyr)
res <- ddply(dta,"group",foo)
res
#----------
group Estimate Std..Error t.value Pr...t.. predictor
1 1 0.21764767 0.1919140 1.1340897 0.2595235 (Intercept)
2 1 -0.36698898 0.3321875 -1.1047647 0.2719666 x
3 2 -0.04039422 0.1682335 -0.2401081 0.8107480 (Intercept)
4 2 0.06286456 0.3020321 0.2081387 0.8355526 x
我现在我的答案来得有点晚了，但我一直在寻找类似的功能。这似乎内置函数“由”中的R也可以做容易分组：
由包含以下示例中，每个基团其中装配，并与sapply提取系数：
require(stats)
## now suppose we want to extract the coefficients by group
tmp <- with(warpbreaks,
by(warpbreaks, tension,
function(x) lm(breaks ~ wool, data = x)))
sapply(tmp, coef)
我认为这是值得的purrr::map方法添加到这个问题。
library(tidyverse)
d <- data.frame(state=rep(c('NY', 'CA'), c(10, 10)),
year=rep(1:10, 2),
response=c(rnorm(10), rnorm(10)))
d %>%
group_by(state) %>%
nest() %>%
mutate(model = map(data, ~lm(response ~ year, data = .)))
请参阅有关使用broom包与这些结果@保罗Hiemstra的进一步观点的答案。
上面的lm()函数是一个简单的例子。顺便说一句，我想，你的数据库具有列在下面的表格：
今年状态VAR1 VAR2 Y ...
在我的观点来看，可以使用以下代码：
require(base)
library(base)
attach(data) # data = your data base
#state is your label for the states column
modell<-by(data, data$state, function(data) lm(y~I(1/var1)+I(1/var2)))
summary(modell)
在问题似乎是约如何调用回归函数与被在一个循环内修改公式。
下面是如何可以做到这一点在（使用菱形数据集）：
attach(ggplot2::diamonds)
strCols = names(ggplot2::diamonds)
formula <- list(); model <- list()
for (i in 1:1) {
formula[[i]] = paste0(strCols[7], " ~ ", strCols[7+i])
model[[i]] = glm(formula[[i]])
#then you can plot the results or anything else ...
png(filename = sprintf("diamonds_price=glm(%s).png", strCols[7+i]))
par(mfrow = c(2, 2))
plot(model[[i]])
dev.off()
}
不隶属于 StackOverflow
