使用otool（递归地）查找由一个应用程序所需的共享库

Question

我有一个使用otool找到一个应用程序需要正常运行所需共享库可可应用程序。例如，说我对使用QTKit.framework一个应用程序运行otool -L。我得到由程序（包括像Cocoa.framework和AppKit.framework基本框架）中使用的共享库的列表：

/System/Library/Frameworks/QTKit.framework/Versions/A/QTKit (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/Versions/A/CoreFoundation (compatibility version 150.0.0, current version 476.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/AppKit.framework/Versions/C/AppKit (compatibility version 45.0.0, current version 949.0.0)

..... and so on for a bunch of other frameworks

其示出了应用程序使用QTKit.framework。但是，如果我使用“otool -L”再次上的二进制文件QTKit.framework（/System/Library/Frameworks/QTKit.framework/Versions/A/QTKit）我得到这样的：

/System/Library/Frameworks/QTKit.framework/Versions/A/QTKit (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/AudioToolbox.framework/Versions/A/AudioToolbox (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/CoreMedia.framework/Versions/A/CoreMedia (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/MediaToolbox.framework/Versions/A/MediaToolbox (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/VideoToolbox.framework/Versions/A/VideoToolbox (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/CoreMediaIOServices.framework/Versions/A/CoreMediaIOServices (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Versions/C/Foundation (compatibility version 300.0.0, current version 751.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/AppKit.framework/Versions/C/AppKit (compatibility version 45.0.0, current version 1038.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/IOKit.framework/Versions/A/IOKit (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 275.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/QuickTime.framework/Versions/A/QuickTime (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1584.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreAudio.framework/Versions/A/CoreAudio (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/OpenGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/QuartzCore.framework/Versions/A/QuartzCore (compatibility version 1.2.0, current version 1.6.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/IOSurface.framework/Versions/A/IOSurface (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/HIToolbox.framework/Versions/A/HIToolbox (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 435.0.0)
/usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib (compatibility version 7.0.0, current version 7.9.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 123.0.0)
/usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 227.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/CoreServices (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 44.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/Versions/A/CoreFoundation (compatibility version 150.0.0, current version 550.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/ApplicationServices (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 38.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreVideo.framework/Versions/A/CoreVideo (compatibility version 1.2.0, current version 1.6.0)

这示出了负载更框架，在应用的二进制文件的原始otool输出显示。 有没有办法有otool递归运行，这意味着它抓住了应用程序的需求，然后就在框架和各搜索这些框架的依赖关系？

Answer 1

没有，你就必须反复运行otool，或合并其解析代码（这里）。不要忘了处理@executable_path。

这是在Python（没有@executable_path，标准化，或文件名与 - 空间支持），因为这不是试图调试伪代码更容易：

import subprocess

def otool(s):
    o = subprocess.Popen(['/usr/bin/otool', '-L', s], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
    for l in o.stdout:
        if l[0] == '\t':
            yield l.split(' ', 1)[0][1:]

need = set(['/Applications/iTunes.app/Contents/MacOS/iTunes'])
done = set()

while need:
    needed = set(need)
    need = set()
    for f in needed:
        need.update(otool(f))
    done.update(needed)
    need.difference_update(done)

for f in sorted(done):
    print f

Answer 2

这是我的解决方案，我使用修复macdeployqt的输出使用自制安装库时。我发现的是macdeployqt确实把dylibs在框架文件夹中的一个很好的工作，但它未能解决的路径。

https://github.com/jveitchmichaelis/deeplabel/blob/master /fix_paths_mac.py

我修改Nicholas的脚本应该更适合一点 - 它校正@executable_path，@rpath和@loader_path。这是不完全的生产代码，但它让我跑在其他Mac应用，而无需已安装任何依赖关系。

与运行：python fix_paths_mac.py ./path/to/your.app/Contents/MacOS/your_exe。即，它指向二进制应用包内，它会搞清楚的其余部分。

我认为大部分的问题都来自东西挂/usr/local。因此，如果代码检测到有一个指向/usr/local文件的依赖性，它会适当地解决路径。你可以改变pass声明文件拷贝，如果它不是在Frameworks文件夹，但我还没有遇到过的情况下有一个缺失dylib，它只是挂错了。

import subprocess
import os
import sys
from shutil import copyfile

executable = sys.argv[1]
app_folder = os.path.join(*executable.split('/')[:-3])
content_folder = os.path.join(app_folder, "Contents")
framework_path = os.path.join(content_folder, "Frameworks")

print(executable)
print("Working in {} ".format(app_folder))

def file_in_folder(file, folder):
    return os.path.exists(os.path.join(folder, file))

def otool(s):
    o = subprocess.Popen(['/usr/bin/otool', '-L', s], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

    for l in o.stdout:
        l = l.decode()

        if l[0] == '\t':
            path = l.split(' ', 1)[0][1:]

            if "@executable_path" in path:
                path = path.replace("@executable_path", "")
                # fudge here to strip /../ from the start of the path.
                path = os.path.join(content_folder, path[4:])

            if "@loader_path" in path:
                path = path.replace("@loader_path", framework_path)

            if "@rpath" in path:
                path = path.replace("@rpath", framework_path)

            dependency_dylib_name = os.path.split(path)[-1]

            if "usr/local" in path:
                if app_folder in s:

                    print("Warning: {} depends on {}".format(s, path))

                    if file_in_folder(dependency_dylib_name, framework_path):
                        print("Dependent library {} is already in framework folder".format(dependency_dylib_name))

                        print("Running install name tool to fix {}.".format(s))

                        if dependency_dylib_name == os.path.split(s)[-1]:
                            _ = subprocess.Popen(['install_name_tool', '-id', os.path.join("@loader_path", dependency_dylib_name), s], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

                        _ = subprocess.Popen(['install_name_tool', '-change', path, os.path.join("@loader_path", dependency_dylib_name), s], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
                else:
                    # Potentially you could copy in the offending dylib here.
                    pass

            yield path

need = set([executable])
done = set()

while need:
    needed = set(need)
    need = set()
    for f in needed:
        need.update(otool(f))
    done.update(needed)
    need.difference_update(done)